1,287 trading questions answered

WickSpeak is a charting platform that runs in your browser and explains every candle in plain English. Every indicator and pattern says what it is, how to trade it and what proves it wrong.

No. WickSpeak runs in any modern web browser on a computer, tablet or phone.

134: 118 standard indicators plus 16 extra WickSpeak versions of oscillators, each with a plain-English reading.

146: 70 candlestick, 28 price action, 30 chart and 18 harmonic patterns, named on the candles that made them.

Only from a Playbook play where you switch live trading on, inside guardrails you set. You can switch it off at any time. WickSpeak does not give financial advice.

Yes, through cTrader. Connect once and every instrument your broker lists appears at your broker's prices.

On our current offer, $59 a month or $599 a year, with seven days free first. The live chart is free for 30 minutes.

Yes. Cancel from your account whenever you like.

WickSpeak is made by Berbe PTE Ltd in Singapore.

Mentor is the part of WickSpeak that reads the current candle like an experienced trader. It answers four questions every time: what it is, where it is, how to trade it and what proves it wrong.

No. Mentor explains the chart. Trades are only placed from a Playbook play where you have switched live trading on, inside guardrails you set.

Every market you open on WickSpeak: gold, indices, forex and shares from your own broker through cTrader, and crypto with no account connected.

Yes. Open the live chart free for 30 minutes with no account or card, or start a free week with everything included.

No. Every step in Playbook is a plain sentence picked from menus. There is no code and no scripting language to learn.

Yes, if you switch live trading on for a play. It then places trades on your linked broker account, inside guardrails you set, and you can switch it off at any time.

It reruns your play with dozens of single changes and keeps only those that did better in both halves of the history and with extra slippage. It then combines the best ones into a tuned version.

No. A backtest shows what a play did on past candles, not what it will do. Test over a long history, include your costs, and start with alerts or paper trading before trading live.

The pivot P is the previous day's high, low and close added together and divided by three. R1 is two times P minus the low, and S1 is two times P minus the high.

Standard daily pivots are the most widely watched, which is what makes them react. Camarilla levels suit range days. WickSpeak lets you show whichever you prefer.

Support is a floor price has bounced from and resistance is a ceiling it has turned at. Key levels are the specific prices where that tends to happen, such as pivots, the previous day high and low, and round numbers.

Yes. In Playbook a price level is a condition: price crosses, touches or bounces off a pivot, the previous high or low, the open, VWAP or an average range level.

Any broker that offers cTrader. Sign in with your cTrader ID and the instruments your broker lists appear on WickSpeak.

Only from a Playbook play where you have switched live trading on, inside the guardrails you set. Otherwise WickSpeak just reads the chart.

The browser platform connects through cTrader. You can still chart on WickSpeak and place trades on whichever platform you use.

No. Crypto charts work without an account, and the 30 minute live chart needs no account at all.

On our current offer, $59 a month or $599 a year. The usual prices are $119 a month and $1,199 a year.

Yes. Every plan starts with seven days free, and the live chart is free for 30 minutes with no account or card.

Yes. Cancel whenever you like from your account. See the cancellation page for how it works.

No. Monthly and yearly include exactly the same features. Yearly is simply cheaper over the year.

No. The 30 minute live chart needs no account and no card.

Yes. It is the real WickSpeak chart, live, with every reading running.

You can start a free week with everything included, or simply leave. Nothing is charged.

A selection of live markets. Connect your own broker through cTrader during your free week to chart every instrument your broker offers.

It starts at 50 and adds or takes away points for the bigger timeframe, buying and selling pressure, the indicator readings, the measured odds of your target on this chart, and any levels between entry and target.

From past candles on the chart you are looking at: how often price reached each target before the stop, at the same distance. They describe what happened, not a promise.

Yes. Set the money or the percentage of your balance you want to risk and the planner works out the size from your stop.

You can take the trade on your broker's platform, or let a Playbook play place it where you switch live trading on, inside your guardrails.

Neither is better in every case. The EMA reacts faster because it weights recent candles more, so it suits short term pullback trading; the SMA is steadier and is the one most traders watch at 50 and 200 periods. Pick one and test it on your market rather than switching.

Many gold traders use the 21 EMA for intraday pullbacks and the 50 and 200 SMAs on the 1 hour and daily charts for the bigger trend. There is no single best length; what matters is that your stop and target fit gold's typical candle size, so check the ATR alongside it.

A close above the 200 period average says the long term average has been reclaimed and buyers have taken back control on that timescale. It is a change of backdrop, not an entry on its own, and many crosses fail, so wait for a retest that holds.

It is lagging, because it is built from past prices. Faster types such as HMA and ZLEMA reduce the lag but never remove it, which is why a moving average confirms a trend rather than calling the turn.

A moving average is the average of past prices, so it sits behind price when the market trends. Linear regression fits a sloped line through the same prices and takes its end point, so it stays much closer to the latest price and turns sooner.

Yes, in most platforms the least squares moving average and the linear regression indicator give the same value: the end point of the least squares line over the chosen length. Some versions add an offset setting that shifts the line.

14 is the default and suits intraday charts. Raise it to 25 or 50 if it flips too often on your market, and test the change over many trades rather than a handful.

The value for a closed candle does not change, because each point is fitted only to candles up to that one. The value on the live candle moves until the candle closes, as with any indicator built from the close.

20 periods and 2 standard deviations is the standard and the setting most traders watch. Some day traders use 20 and 2.5 on fast charts to mark only the bigger pushes. Test any change over many trades before trusting it.

Not on its own. In a trend, price often rides the upper band for many candles. A touch only becomes a fade idea when the bands are flat, the market is ranging and price closes back inside.

It is when the bands move unusually close together because recent closes have barely spread. It shows volatility is low, which often comes before a bigger move. Bollinger bandwidth puts the width into one number so you can spot it.

Yes, gold's habit of quiet spells followed by sharp moves suits the squeeze breakout. Size stops from gold's ATR at the time rather than a fixed number of points, because its candle size changes a lot between sessions.

Keltner Channels set their width from ATR, the average candle size, while Bollinger Bands use the standard deviation of closes. Keltner bands are steadier and smoother; Bollinger Bands pinch and balloon more. When Bollinger Bands sit inside the Keltner Channel, many traders call it a squeeze.

The common modern setting is a 20 period EMA with bands 2 ATR either side, and that is the WickSpeak default, with ATR measured over 10 candles. Some traders use 1.5 ATR for more frequent signals.

Usually, yes. It shows a push bigger than the market's normal candle size allows for, which often comes at the start of a trend. It still needs a stop, normally at the middle line.

They can, on 1 to 5 minute charts, as long as the stop and target fit the ATR at that timeframe and your costs are counted. Narrow ATR on very fast charts means spreads take a large share of each move.

The common settings are a 144 period, 4 poles and a band width of 1.414 filtered true ranges, and those are the WickSpeak defaults. The middle line uses the typical price, (high + low + close) / 3.

Each pole is one pass of smoothing. More passes give a smoother line with less delay than one heavy average of the same smoothness, but past 4 or 5 the gains are small.

It is designed as a slower trend filter. Day traders often read it on the 1 hour chart for direction and take entries on a 5 or 15 minute chart in that direction.

No. Each value is built only from the candles up to it, so closed candles keep their values. The live candle's value moves until it closes.

It has usually moved opposite the dollar, because gold is priced in dollars and a weaker dollar makes it cheaper for other buyers. The link is not constant, though, and there have been long spells when both rose together. Check the current reading rather than relying on the rule.

Readings beyond 0.7 in either direction are usually called strong and 0.3 to 0.7 moderate. Below 0.3, the two markets are mostly moving on their own.

The US dollar index measures the dollar against six currencies: the euro, yen, pound, Canadian dollar, Swedish krona and Swiss franc. The euro has by far the largest weight, so the DXY often moves opposite EURUSD.

You can use it as context. Take entries from levels and signals on the gold chart itself, and treat the dollar as a reason for more or less confidence. Keep the stop on the gold chart.

Buy when price closes above the highest high of the last 20 candles, sell short below the lowest low, and exit on a break of a shorter opposite channel such as 10 candles. Stops are often set at 2 ATR. It aims to catch trends and accepts many small losses.

Donchian uses the actual highest high and lowest low, so its bands are flat steps. Bollinger uses an average plus a measure of spread, so its bands curve. Donchian marks real price levels; Bollinger marks statistical distance.

System 1 bought a 20 day breakout and exited on a 10 day low; System 2 bought a 55 day breakout and exited on a 20 day low. Position size was set from the 20 day ATR.

20 is the standard. Use 55 for slower trends with fewer trades, or 10 for short term swings. Match the exit channel to roughly half the entry length.

It is the average price everyone has paid today, giving more weight to prices where more was traded. If price is above it, the average buyer today is in profit; below it, the average buyer is losing.

It is one of the most watched lines for day trading, because many large traders use it as a benchmark. It works best on trending days and as a filter for which side to trade, not as a signal alone.

Because it measures the average price for a period, and the day is the most common period for intraday traders. WickSpeak can also reset it each hour, session, week or month.

Yes, with the caveat that forex and CFD volume is usually tick volume, the number of price changes. Tick volume rises and falls with real activity, so VWAP still marks the day's average well.

10 and 3 is the standard and a sensible start. Faster settings such as 7 and 2 give more signals and more false flips. Test settings on your own market over many trades rather than choosing the one that looks best on a single chart.

Two Supertrends with different settings on the same chart, often 10 and 3 with a faster one such as 13 and 1.5. Traders enter only when both agree, which cuts some false flips. WickSpeak has a second Supertrend built in.

The line on closed candles does not change. On the live candle the line and a possible flip can change until the candle closes, so wait for the close before acting.

It is popular on gold because gold trends in long runs. Use the ATR based stop it gives rather than a fixed point stop, and filter with a higher timeframe to cut flips in quiet sessions.

A step of 0.02 and a maximum of 0.2, as Wilder set them. A smaller step, such as 0.01, makes the dots slower and flips less often.

It is a good trailing stop in trends and a poor entry signal in ranges. Most traders pair it with a trend filter such as ADX or a moving average.

Stop and reverse. The dot is where you would exit, and when price reaches it the indicator reverses to the other side.

It can on 1 to 5 minute charts in a clear trend, but flips are very frequent and spreads take a larger share of each move. A trend filter is essential.

They are lengths in candles: 9 for the conversion line, 26 for the base line and the forward shift, and 52 for leading span B. They came from the Japanese trading week of the time, roughly a week and a half, a month and two months.

Look at where price is against the cloud first: above is bullish, below is bearish, inside is neutral. Then check whether the conversion line is above the base line and whether the cloud ahead is bullish or bearish.

It can work on 15 minute and 1 hour charts. On faster charts the cloud is thin and flips often, so many day traders read Ichimoku on the 1 hour for direction and enter on a lower timeframe.

A close from inside the cloud to outside it. A close above a bearish cloud that turns bullish ahead is the classic sign of a new uptrend; it needs a stop back inside the cloud.

The classic pivot is yesterday's high plus low plus close, divided by 3. R1 is twice the pivot minus yesterday's low and S1 is twice the pivot minus yesterday's high. R2 and S2 add and subtract yesterday's range from the pivot.

Classic pivots are the most widely watched. Camarilla levels sit closer to price and suit intraday reversal and breakout plans. Choose one formula and stick to it so your levels stay consistent.

Many gold traders watch daily pivots, especially around the London and New York opens. Use them as areas, not exact prices, and wait for a candle to close as confirmation before acting.

Camarilla levels are built around yesterday's close using a fraction of the range, so they sit tighter. Classic pivots are built around the average of high, low and close and spread further apart.

Many traders place stops and breakout orders just above it, so it collects orders. Price reacting there shows whether buyers can extend yesterday's move or not.

Price trades above the previous day high, triggers the orders resting there, then closes back below it. It suggests the push lacked follow through and often leads to a move back into the range.

On WickSpeak the trading day rolls over at 5pm New York time, the usual convention for forex and CFD markets. The previous day high and low come from the last complete trading day before the one on screen.

Gold often reacts at yesterday's high and low around the London and New York opens. Wait for a close to tell a breakout from a sweep.

It is the price where the most volume traded in the profile. It acts like a magnet in balanced markets and often becomes support or resistance.

The range of prices around the point of control that holds 70% of the total volume. Its top is the value area high and its bottom is the value area low.

The profile is built only from the candles you can see on the chart. Zoom out to include more days, or in to focus on today.

Forex has no single central volume, so CFD and forex charts use tick volume. The profile still shows where activity clustered, but treat it as a guide to activity rather than exact traded size.

Tick volume counts how many times the price changed during a candle. Forex and CFD brokers use it because there is no central exchange volume, and it rises and falls with real activity.

Neither on its own. High volume shows strong participation; the direction comes from the candle. High volume on a strong up close is bullish, on a long upper wick it can be the opposite.

Look for the breakout candle's volume to be well above the recent average, for example 1.5 times or more. Relative volume shows that ratio directly.

Yes. Gold's volume, even as tick volume, jumps around the London and New York opens and on news, and breakouts are usually stronger during those busy hours.

Delta is aggressive buying volume minus aggressive selling volume. Aggressive means the trader accepted the other side's price rather than waiting, so delta shows which side was in a hurry.

Price makes a new high or low while delta does not agree, for example a new high on negative delta. It suggests the move is running on fewer aggressive traders.

Delta reads on WickSpeak's crypto charts, where exchanges publish every trade with the side that started it.

Absorption is when heavy aggressive selling (or buying) fails to move price, because large passive orders on the other side take it all. It often comes before a move the other way.

Cumulative volume delta: the running total of aggressive buy volume minus aggressive sell volume. It shows which side has been more aggressive over time.

Price and CVD disagree, for example price makes a higher high while CVD makes a lower high. It shows the move is not backed by the same aggression as before.

CVD uses the real side of each trade, so it measures aggression directly. On-balance volume only assigns a whole candle's volume by whether it closed up or down. Where trade data exists, CVD is more precise.

Yes, crypto exchanges publish every trade with its side, so CVD is precise there. On WickSpeak, CVD reads on crypto charts.

14 is the standard and the one most traders watch. Shorter settings such as 7 or 9 react faster and reach 70 and 30 more often; very short ones like 2 are used for mean reversion systems. Test any change before using it.

Not on its own. It means momentum is strong; in a range that often marks a pause, but in a trend RSI can stay above 70 while price keeps rising. Wait for price to confirm, such as a break of a swing low.

Price makes a higher high while RSI makes a lower high (bearish), or price makes a lower low while RSI makes a higher low (bullish). It shows momentum fading, but needs a price trigger before it means anything.

Yes, it is widely used on gold. Because gold trends strongly at times, the 50 line and pullbacks to 40 to 50 are often more useful than selling at 70.

12, 26 and 9 is the standard. Some day traders use faster settings such as 5, 35, 5 or 8, 21, 5. Test changes on your market before trusting them.

When MACD crosses above its signal line, short term momentum is turning up; below, it is turning down. Crosses above zero carry more weight in an uptrend than crosses below zero.

The gap between MACD and its signal line. Growing bars mean momentum is accelerating; shrinking bars mean it is fading, often before the lines cross.

It is lagging, because it is built from moving averages. The histogram turns earlier than the line crosses, but still follows price.

14 and 3 is the standard. Scalpers often use 5, 3 for faster turns, and swing traders use 14, 3, 3 slow stochastic. Raise the %D smoothing on WickSpeak for a calmer line.

Fast stochastic plots the raw %K and a 3 period average as %D. Slow stochastic smooths %K once more, so its lines are calmer and cross less often.

The latest close is near the top of its recent high to low range. In a range it often comes before a pause; in a trend it can stay there.

They measure different things. Stochastic compares the close with the recent range and turns faster; RSI compares the size of gains and losses and is smoother. Many traders use one, not both, to avoid doubling the same signal.

Many traders use 1.5 to 2 x ATR on their entry timeframe, beyond a swing level. Tighter stops get hit by normal noise; wider ones need a smaller position.

Candles are larger than usual, so the market is moving a lot. It says nothing about direction.

It changes all the time with the session and the news. Check the live ATR on the timeframe you trade rather than relying on a fixed figure.

Wilder used 14 periods in his original work, and it remains the standard most traders and platforms use.

It shows whether volume is flowing in on up candles or out on down candles. Rising OBV means up candles are carrying more volume than down candles.

Price and OBV disagree, such as price making a new high while OBV does not. It suggests the move has less volume behind it, but needs a price trigger before acting.

Granville argued volume moves before price, and OBV can turn before price in some cases. In practice it is best used as confirmation alongside a price signal.

It works with tick volume, which tracks activity reasonably well. Treat it as a guide to activity rather than exact traded size.

RSI uses only price changes. MFI multiplies each move by volume, so moves on heavy volume count for more. MFI's usual extremes are 80 and 20 rather than 70 and 30.

14 is the standard. Shorter settings react faster but reach the extremes more often. Test any change on your own market.

Buying money flow has been heavy compared with selling. In a range that often comes before a pause; in a strong trend it can stay high.

It works with tick volume, which tracks activity. It is more precise on markets with real exchange volume, such as futures and crypto.

Momentum shows the change in price points; ROC shows the same change in percent. ROC is easier to compare across markets.

12 is a common default for short term charts. 9 and 14 are also common, and 125 or 250 on daily charts for long term trend.

Price is lower than it was the chosen number of candles ago. It shows downward momentum over that span.

It is a momentum indicator, built from past prices, so it does not foretell moves. It can turn before a moving average does, because it reacts to the latest change.

Around 1 is normal. Many traders look for 1.5 or more on a breakout candle and treat 2 or more as unusual activity.

This candle's volume divided by the average volume of the previous 20 candles (or the length you choose).

Yes, using tick volume. It shows when a pair becomes busier than usual, such as at the London open or on news.

Volume is the raw amount. Relative volume compares it with the recent average, so you can see whether the candle is unusual without knowing the market's normal numbers.

A period when Bollinger bandwidth is at a long time low, meaning prices have been unusually calm. A bigger move often follows, but the squeeze does not tell you which way.

There is no universal number. Compare with the same market's history: a reading at its lowest for months on that timeframe is a squeeze.

Subtract the lower band from the upper band, divide by the middle band and multiply by 100 to get a percentage.

Price breaks out of a squeeze one way, then quickly reverses and breaks the other way. A stop back at the middle band limits the damage.

23.6%, 38.2%, 50%, 61.8% and 78.6%. 50% is not a Fibonacci ratio but is included because traders watch halfway.

The area between 50% and 61.8%, where many traders look for a pullback to end.

It has no built in edge on its own; levels matter because many traders watch them. It works best combined with trend direction and a candle that confirms the level is holding.

From the swing low to the swing high. The retracement levels then sit below the high. WickSpeak draws them automatically from the biggest swing in the lookback.

A group of exponential moving averages of different lengths drawn together. Their order and spacing show the trend and how strong it is.

Common choices are 10 to 60 in steps of 10, or lengths such as 8, 13, 21, 34 and 55. WickSpeak defaults to 10 to 60 and lets you add 100 and 200.

The lines are spreading apart, meaning short term averages are pulling away from long term ones: the trend is gaining strength.

It is similar. Guppy's multiple moving average uses two groups of six EMAs, a fast group and a slow group. A ribbon is any set of averages drawn together.

Candles from a bigger timeframe, such as 15 minutes or 1 hour, drawn on a smaller chart so you can see both at once.

Yes. Choose your own and type the number of minutes, from 2 to 1440.

Yes, the bigger candle that is still forming updates with every small candle and is drawn dashed until its time is complete.

You see both timeframes in the same place, so you know exactly where your entry sits inside the bigger candle without switching charts.

The common starting point is 100 candles and 2 standard deviations, which is WickSpeak's default. Shorter lengths such as 50 suit intraday trading on 5 to 15 minute charts. Widen to 2.5 if price pokes through the edges too often for your style.

Yes, in the sense that the whole line is refitted on each new candle, so the channel you see today is not where it was drawn last week. That is how it is meant to work. Judge it on the current candle, not on old touches.

They are usually the same idea: a least-squares line with edges set a number of standard deviations away. Some platforms measure the deviation of price itself and others the deviation from the line. WickSpeak uses the deviation of closes from the fitted line.

Neither is better; they answer different questions. Bollinger Bands follow a moving average and bend with price, while a regression channel is one straight line that shows the trend over a fixed window. Many traders use the channel for direction and bands for timing.

Yes, the last leg does. It keeps extending to the newest high or low until price reverses by the full swing size, and only then is that point fixed. Earlier, confirmed swings do not change.

There is no single best value. A swing size around 0.5% to 1% suits intraday gold and index charts, and 2% to 5% suits daily charts. WickSpeak's auto setting picks a size from the market's own recent movement, which is a good starting point.

Not well, because it does not give an entry signal in real time. Use it to read structure and place stops, then take entries from a candle pattern, a level or an oscillator.

Fractals mark any candle whose high or low beats a few candles either side, so they appear often. ZigZag only records turns of a minimum size, so it shows fewer, more meaningful swings.

A 20 period average with 2% bands is the classic default and suits daily stock charts. Intraday gold, indices and forex need much smaller percentages, often 0.1% to 0.8%. Choose the value that makes price reach the bands only occasionally.

Envelopes are a fixed percentage from the average and never change width. Bollinger Bands are set by standard deviation, so they widen when the market gets volatile and narrow when it calms. Envelopes are simpler; Bollinger Bands adapt.

Platforms differ. Many use a simple moving average by default. WickSpeak's envelope uses an exponential average, which reacts a little faster to recent closes.

They can be. In a trend, price that keeps closing near the upper band shows strength, and pull-backs to the middle line are entries. The fade-the-edge approach is for ranges only.

They often matter because many orders are placed there, but they are not guaranteed to hold. Treat them as places to watch for a reaction, then let the candles confirm it.

Traders watch whole hundreds most, then fifties, then tens on short timeframes. A whole hundred, or a whole thousand when price is near one, tends to draw the biggest reaction.

The big figure is the handle of a currency price, for example 1.08 in EURUSD at 1.0800. Moves through a big figure such as 1.0800 or 1.0900 are watched closely, and 50 pip levels are the next most important.

Traders who expect a reaction place their orders slightly in front of the figure so they get filled. That pulls the turning point a few points short of the exact number.

Below 20 usually means no trend, 20 to 25 is a grey zone, and above 25 means a trend is in place. Readings above 40 show a very strong trend that may be getting stretched.

No. ADX only measures strength. Use the +DI and -DI lines for direction: +DI above -DI means buyers lead, -DI above +DI means sellers lead.

14 is the standard and works on most intraday charts. Some day traders use 7 to 10 for a faster reading on 5 minute charts, at the cost of more false signals.

DMI is the pair of +DI and -DI lines that show direction. ADX is built from them and shows strength. Most platforms draw all three together.

20 is the standard and works on most charts. Some traders use 14 for faster signals on intraday charts, or 50 and above as a slower trend filter.

Not necessarily. Above plus 100 means price is pushing strongly above its average, which in a trend is a sign of strength. It only behaves like overbought in a sideways market.

RSI is bounded between 0 and 100 and compares up closes with down closes. CCI has no limits and measures distance from an average relative to normal deviation, so it can stretch much further in strong moves.

Lambert chose 0.015 so that about 70 to 80 percent of readings fall between plus 100 and minus 100. It is a scaling number, not something to tune.

Almost. Williams %R is the fast Stochastic %K turned upside down onto a 0 to minus 100 scale, with no smoothing. That makes it quicker but noisier than the usual slow Stochastic.

Above minus 20 price is closing in the top fifth of its recent range, which is called overbought. Below minus 80 it is closing in the bottom fifth, called oversold.

14 is the standard. Some short-term traders use 10, and swing traders sometimes use 20 or more to cut down on signals.

Larry Williams measured how far the close is below the high of the range, so the reading counts down from 0 at the high to minus 100 at the low.

The standard AO uses a 5 and a 34 period simple average of the candle midpoint. WickSpeak keeps those fixed, so there are no settings to change.

They are similar ideas. MACD subtracts a 26 period exponential average of the close from a 12 period one and adds a signal line. AO uses simple averages of the midpoint over 5 and 34 candles and has no signal line.

A saucer buy is three bars above zero where the first two fall and the third rises. It shows a small pause in momentum that is now picking up again in the trend's direction.

Bill Williams, who also created the Alligator, Fractals and the Accelerator Oscillator. They were designed to be used together.

15 is the most common length, with a 9 period signal line. Lower values such as 9 suit faster trading, while 20 to 30 suit swing and position trading.

TRIX is smoother because it uses three averages, so it gives fewer but later signals. MACD reacts faster with more false turns. Which suits you depends on how much noise you can tolerate.

It means the triple-smoothed average has changed direction. Above zero it is rising, below zero it is falling, so a zero cross marks a change in the underlying trend.

The original is a single line, but most traders add a signal line, usually a 9 period average of TRIX. In WickSpeak, Playbook can test TRIX crossing above or below its signal line.

Above zero shows buying pressure and below zero selling pressure. Readings above plus 0.25 or below minus 0.25 show strong, persistent pressure. Near zero means neither side is in control.

They use the same money flow multiplier. The Accumulation Distribution line adds it up forever as a running total, while CMF only looks at a fixed window and divides by volume, so it moves around zero.

20 or 21 periods is the standard. Shorter settings such as 10 react faster but give more false crosses.

It can, but forex has no central volume, so it uses tick volume, the number of price changes. That often tracks activity reasonably well, but treat it as supporting evidence rather than the main signal.

Elder used 13 for the trend and 2 for timing entries. Most traders keep 13 as the default and add a short one only for pull-backs.

It means rising candles with volume have outweighed falling candles over the smoothing window. Buyers are applying more force than sellers.

On Balance Volume only adds or subtracts volume depending on whether the close went up or down. The Force Index also uses the size of the move, so a big move counts for more than a small one.

Yes, with tick volume. It is less precise than with real exchange volume, so combine it with price levels and trend direction.

Momentum shows the change in price units, such as points. Rate of Change shows the same change as a percentage of the old price. Their shapes are almost identical, but Rate of Change can be compared across markets.

10 and 14 are the most common. Swing traders sometimes use 20 or more to follow the larger trend's pace.

It often turns before price does at the end of a move, because the pace slows first. That makes it an early warning, but it is still calculated from past closes and can turn without price following.

It means the latest close has moved above or below the close from the chosen number of candles ago. Above zero, price is higher than it was; below zero, lower.

There is no universal good number. Compare it with the same market's own average: above average means a more active market than usual, below average a quieter one.

Historical volatility measures how much price has already moved. Implied volatility is taken from option prices and reflects how much the options market expects it to move.

Annualising puts every timeframe on the same scale so readings can be compared. WickSpeak multiplies by the square root of 365; many stock platforms use 252 trading days, which gives a slightly lower number.

Both measure movement but in different ways. ATR is the average candle range in points, useful for setting stops. Historical volatility is the spread of percentage changes, useful for comparing markets and periods.

A golden cross is when a faster moving average, usually the 50, crosses above a slower one, usually the 200. It is read as a sign that a longer uptrend may be starting.

Common pairs are 9 and 21 EMA or 20 and 50 EMA on 5 to 15 minute charts. Faster pairs give earlier signals but more false ones, so test any pair on the market you trade.

EMA reacts faster because it weights recent prices more, so it crosses earlier. SMA is slower and steadier. Many traders use EMA on intraday charts and SMA on daily charts, which is where the classic 50/200 cross comes from.

They tend to catch large trends but are late and give false signals in ranges. Results depend heavily on the market and settings, so test them on your own data, for example with Playbook's backtest, before trading them.

Jaw 13 shifted 8, teeth 8 shifted 5 and lips 5 shifted 3, all smoothed averages of the candle midpoint. WickSpeak lets you change the three lengths; the shifts stay as standard.

The three lines are twisted together, which means there is no clear trend. Williams advised staying out until the lines separate.

Shifting pushes the lines ahead on the chart so price has to move decisively to cross them. It filters out small moves that would otherwise cause false signals.

It works on any timeframe but is most reliable on 1 hour and above, where trends last long enough for the lines to separate cleanly.

A fractal is only drawn after the candles either side have closed, so once it appears it does not move. It is delayed by the wing size, 2 candles by default, rather than repainted.

The classic Williams fractal uses 5: the middle candle plus 2 on each side. WickSpeak's wing size lets you change the 2 on each side to anything from 1 to 10.

The common method is to buy a break above the last up fractal and sell a break below the last down fractal, ideally in the trend's direction, with the stop at the opposite fractal.

Fractals mark every local high or low that beats its neighbours. ZigZag only marks turns of a minimum size, so it shows fewer, larger swings.

22 and 3 is the standard, from Chuck LeBeau's original work on daily charts. For intraday trading many traders use a shorter length and a multiplier of 2 to 2.5.

Both are ATR-based trailing stops. The Chandelier Exit hangs from the highest high or lowest low over a period; Supertrend is built around the candle midpoint. They often give similar signals.

Some traders enter when it flips sides, but it is designed as an exit. Flips are late in fast markets and frequent in ranges, so it works best with another entry method.

Because the stop hangs down from the highest point of the move, like a chandelier from a ceiling.

2 to 3 times ATR is the most common range. 2.5 with a 14 period ATR is WickSpeak's default. Shorter-term traders often use 1.5 to 2, swing traders 3 or more.

It sets the stop a multiple of the average candle size away from price and only moves it in your favour. When price closes through it, the trade is closed and the stop flips to the other side.

They are close relatives. Supertrend measures from the candle midpoint and the ATR trailing stop here measures from the close. Both flip when price closes through them.

Using the close avoids being flipped by a brief wick. WickSpeak's ATR trailing stop flips only on a close through the line.

Stoller Average Range Channel, after Manning Stoller who developed it. The bands are based on the average true range around a short moving average.

A 6 period simple moving average with bands at 2 times a 15 period ATR. Some traders use multipliers of 1.5 to 3 depending on the market.

Both use ATR for width. Keltner Channels usually use a longer exponential average, around 20 periods, while STARC uses a 6 period simple average, so it sits much closer to price.

Only when the larger trend is up and price shows signs of turning, such as a close back above the band. In a downtrend, the lower band can be touched repeatedly.

Buy when price closes above the top of a recent consolidation box, place the stop at the bottom of the box, and move the stop up as new boxes form higher. It is a trend-following breakout method.

They are closely related. A Donchian channel is the highest high and lowest low over a set period, which is how WickSpeak draws the Darvas box. Darvas's original method added rules for confirming the top and bottom.

20 candles is a good default. Use 10 to 15 for shorter swings and 50 or more on daily charts to frame larger bases.

It can, but forex often ranges for long periods and breaks out falsely. It tends to work better on markets that trend in steps, such as gold and indices.

15, 30 and 60 minutes are the most common. Shorter ranges give earlier but more frequent false breakouts; longer ranges give fewer, more reliable signals with less of the day left.

At midnight UTC, the start of the trading day for the chart. With the default 60 minutes, the range runs from 00:00 to 01:00 UTC.

Many traders use it on gold, often waiting for the London or New York session to break the Asian range. Results depend on the market's mood, so test it on your own data before trading it.

Common choices are the opposite side of the range or the middle of the range. The middle gives a tighter stop and a better ratio to the target, at the cost of more stop-outs.

Many stops and breakout orders sit around it, so price often reacts there. A sweep and rejection or a clean break both give useful information about who is in control.

PWH is the previous week high and PWL the previous week low. PMH and PML are the same for the previous month.

Most traders use them on 15 minute to 4 hour charts for entries, while watching them as targets on the daily chart.

Gold often reacts at the previous week's high and low, either with a sweep and reversal or a breakout. Treat them as places to watch, then let the candles decide.

The Heikin Ashi close is the average of the open, high, low and close. The Heikin Ashi open is the average of the previous Heikin Ashi open and close. The high and low are the extremes of the real high, low and those two values.

No. They are averages, so the open and close shown are not prices that actually traded. That is why an overlay on real candles is useful.

It helps you stay in trends and ignore small pull-backs, but it reacts late at turns. Many day traders use it with a level or momentum tool for timing.

The chart type replaces your candles with Heikin Ashi candles. The overlay keeps your real candles and draws the Heikin Ashi close on top as a coloured line.

Typical price is the high plus the low plus the close, divided by 3. It is often written as HLC3.

Median price is the high plus the low divided by 2, the middle of the candle's range. Typical price also includes the close, so it shifts towards where the candle finished.

VWAP, the Commodity Channel Index and the Money Flow Index all use the typical price. The Alligator and Awesome Oscillator use the median price.

Weighted close is the high plus the low plus twice the close, divided by 4. It gives the close extra weight while still using the range.

Standard VWAP resets at the start of each session and grows through the day. Rolling VWAP always uses a fixed number of recent candles, so it never resets and behaves like a volume-weighted moving average.

200 is a common default. Pick a length that matches how far back you care about; on a 5 minute chart, 288 candles is roughly one full 24 hour day.

They are very similar. A volume weighted moving average usually weights the close, while rolling VWAP weights the typical price, so the lines are close but not identical.

Yes, using tick volume. It is less precise than with real exchange volume, but it still shows where most activity has happened.

The standard is 14, 14, 3, 3: RSI length, stochastic length, %K smoothing and %D smoothing. Some scalpers use shorter lengths, but that adds noise.

The Stochastic measures where price closed within its recent high to low range. Stochastic RSI measures where RSI sits within its own recent range, which makes it faster and more sensitive.

Below 20 means RSI is in the bottom fifth of its recent range, called oversold. Above 80 means it is in the top fifth, called overbought.

It reacts quickly, which suits short timeframes, but it also gives many false signals. Use it only in the direction of a clear trend and with a firm stop.

7, 14 and 28 candles, weighted 4, 2 and 1. These are Larry Williams' original values.

Williams' buy needs a bullish divergence where the oscillator's low is under 30, then a break above the oscillator's high between the two lows.

RSI uses one window and compares up closes with down closes. The Ultimate Oscillator blends three windows and measures where each close sits within the true range.

It can be, because the long window filters spikes. On very short charts its signals are still noisy, so pair it with levels.

It shows price relative to a shifted moving average, which removes the longer trend and leaves the shorter swings. It is used to measure cycle length and spot cycle highs and lows.

Comparing price with an average from about half a period earlier cancels most of the trend. In the standard version the shift is the length divided by 2, plus 1.

20 is the common default. Set it close to the cycle length you want to see; if swings on your chart last about 30 candles, try 30.

Not really. It is a cycle tool. It measures position within a swing rather than the speed of the move.

MACD is the difference between two EMAs in price units. PPO divides that difference by the slow EMA and shows it as a percentage. Crosses happen at the same times, but PPO values compare fairly across markets.

12, 26 and 9, the same as MACD: a 12 period fast EMA, a 26 period slow EMA and a 9 period signal line.

It means the fast average is 1 percent above the slow average. A negative reading means the fast average is below.

Use PPO when comparing momentum between markets with very different prices, or when looking back over years where price has changed a lot. For a single market on a short chart, both read the same.

They use the same maths. MACD compares a fast and slow average of price, while PVO compares a fast and slow average of volume and shows the gap as a percentage. So MACD tells you about direction and PVO tells you about activity.

The standard settings are 12 and 26, often with a 9 period signal line. For faster intraday charts some traders use 5 and 20 to catch session-open surges sooner. Whatever you pick, test it on your own market before relying on it.

Yes, but brokers report tick volume for spot forex and gold CFDs, which counts price updates rather than contracts. Tick volume rises and falls with real activity, so PVO still shows when a market is busier or quieter than normal.

A negative PVO means recent volume is below its longer-term average. It does not mean price is falling. It means fewer participants are trading, so breakouts at that moment have less behind them.

Both compare gains and losses, but RSI smooths them and runs from 0 to 100, while CMO uses raw sums and runs from -100 to +100. CMO therefore moves faster and reaches extremes more often. An RSI of 70 is roughly a CMO of +40.

The usual levels are +50 for overbought and -50 for oversold. Some traders use +70 and -70 on short settings to cut down the number of signals.

14 is the most common default. Chande's own examples also used 20. Shorter periods suit scalping, longer ones suit swing trading on 4 hour and daily charts.

Yes. Many traders simply read which side of 0 it sits on, or smooth it with a short moving average and trade in the direction of that line. Above 0 means up moves have outweighed down moves over the window.

Ehlers' standard length is 9 or 10 candles. Shorter settings react sooner but give more false turns. Test any change on the market and timeframe you trade.

It is the Fisher value from one candle earlier. A cross between the two simply shows the line has changed direction, which is why the signal can be very early.

No. The value for a closed candle does not change. The live candle's value moves while the candle is forming, so wait for the close before acting on a cross.

It can be, because it turns sharply and early. It works best when you only take crosses in the direction of the higher timeframe trend.

It was designed for monthly charts of stock indices. Many traders also use it on weekly charts. On lower timeframes the same settings simply describe shorter swings.

The buy signal is the curve turning upward while it is below 0. It shows momentum has stopped falling after a significant decline.

Originally no. Some traders treat a turn down from above 0 as a warning to tighten stops, but that was not part of Coppock's method.

Coppock based them on the length of time people were said to take to grieve a loss, which he linked to how long markets need to recover from a major fall. They are kept today mostly by convention.

The standard settings are rates of change of 10, 15, 20 and 30, smoothed by 10, 10, 10 and 15, weighted 1 to 4, with a 9 period signal line. WickSpeak uses these fixed values.

Martin Pring, a technical analyst and author. He designed it to combine short and long momentum cycles into one line.

It is a momentum indicator built from averages, so it lags price. Its value is that it confirms a turn across several time spans rather than calling it early.

It is a 9 period simple moving average of the KST line. Crosses between KST and its signal line are the main buy and sell signals.

The classic settings are 25 and 13 with a signal line of 7 to 13. WickSpeak defaults to 25, 13 and 13. Faster versions such as 13, 7 and 7 suit lower timeframes but give more noise.

MACD is the gap between two price averages and has no fixed scale. TSI is double-smoothed momentum divided by its own size, so it is bounded between -100 and +100 and can be compared across markets.

There are no fixed rules, but +25 and -25 are widely used. Some traders prefer to mark the extremes the line has reached on their own market.

Yes. Its double smoothing keeps it on one side of 0 for most of a trend, and signal line crosses in that direction give pullback entries.

Bull power is the candle high minus a 13 period EMA, showing how far buyers lifted price above fair value. Bear power is the candle low minus that EMA, showing how far sellers pushed it below.

Alexander Elder used a 13 period EMA. Most traders keep it, as the method is built around that average acting as fair value.

In an uptrend, buy when bear power is below 0 but rising. In a downtrend, sell when bull power is above 0 but falling. Always check the EMA slope first.

No. Both come from Alexander Elder, but the Impulse system colours candles using an EMA and the MACD histogram, while Elder Ray measures the distance of highs and lows from an EMA.

It measures how much of each candle's range was covered by its body and in which direction. A strong close near the high gives a high positive value; a strong close near the low gives a negative one.

A 14 period smoothing is the common default. Shorter smoothing reacts faster but gives more false zero crosses.

No. It only uses the open, high, low and close of each candle, so it works the same on markets with real or tick volume.

Qstick averages the body size in points, while BOP divides each body by its range so every candle scores between -1 and +1. BOP is easier to compare across markets.

The standard setting is 25 periods. Some intraday traders use 14 for faster signals. Longer settings give fewer, more reliable trend reads.

It means the current candle made the highest high of the look-back window. It shows a fresh high, not the size of the move.

Buy when Aroon Up crosses above Aroon Down and reaches 70, with a stop below the last swing low. Sell when the opposite happens. Crosses where both lines stay low are weak.

Both show trend strength. ADX measures how far price is moving in one direction, while Aroon measures how recently new highs or lows were made. Aroon often reacts sooner to a fresh breakout.

It is Aroon Up minus Aroon Down. It runs from -100 to +100 and shows which side, highs or lows, has been made more recently.

Above +50 is usually taken as a firm uptrend and below -50 as a firm downtrend. Readings near 0 suggest no clear trend.

The oscillator is quicker to read and suits filters. The two-line Aroon shows more, for example both lines falling together in a range, which the oscillator can hide.

25 is the standard. Some traders drop to 14 on intraday charts, accepting more false crosses for earlier signals.

14 periods is the common default. Its creators also tested 21 and 25 for longer-term trends. Shorter settings react faster but give more false crosses.

VI+ measures upward movement and VI- downward movement. Whichever is on top shows the direction in control, and a cross shows a possible change.

It is related. Both use true range and directional movement, but Vortex measures movement from the previous candle's opposite extreme and does not produce a single strength line like ADX.

Yes. It only uses highs, lows and closes, so it works on forex, gold, indices and crypto alike. It is most useful when the pair is trending.

It is Bill Williams' measure of whether momentum is speeding up or slowing down. It is the Awesome Oscillator minus a 5 period average of the Awesome Oscillator.

It uses fixed lengths of 5 and 34 for the Awesome Oscillator and 5 for the smoothing. Most platforms, including WickSpeak, do not offer settings.

The Awesome Oscillator measures momentum. The Accelerator measures how fast that momentum is changing, so it turns sooner but gives more signals.

A green bar is higher than the previous bar and a red bar is lower. The colour shows the direction of change, not whether the reading is above or below 0.

It shows how far apart the three Alligator lines are. Wider gaps mean a stronger trend; narrow gaps mean a range.

Sleeping (both sides red and small), awakening (one side turns green), eating (both sides green and growing) and sated (bars turning red after a trend). They describe a trend being born, running and ending.

No. It only shows whether a trend is present and how strong it is. Use the Alligator on price, or price itself, to decide whether to buy or sell.

It uses the standard Alligator lengths of 13, 8 and 5 with shifts of 8, 5 and 3. WickSpeak keeps these fixed so the reading matches Bill Williams' method.

The stochastic shows where the close sits within the range from 0 to 100. SMI measures the distance from the middle of the range, smooths it twice and runs from -100 to +100, so it is smoother and centred on 0.

Blau's common settings are a 10 period range with smoothing of 3 and 3, which WickSpeak uses as its defaults. Swing traders sometimes use 13 and 25 for a slower line.

+40 and -40 are the usual levels. Some traders use +50 and -50 on fast settings to reduce signals.

They are related, both from William Blau, but SMI Ergodic is built from double-smoothed price change, closer to TSI. The Stochastic Momentum Index uses the midpoint of the high to low range.

It measures how strongly candles close in the direction of their move, by comparing the body with the full range. It rests on the idea that prices tend to close higher than they open in uptrends.

10 periods is the usual default. Shorter settings give more crosses and more noise; longer settings suit swing trading on 4 hour and daily charts.

Buy when RVI crosses above its signal line in an uptrend and sell when it crosses below in a downtrend, with a stop beyond the last swing. Divergence with price is used as a warning.

No. RSI compares gains with losses from close to close, while RVI compares each candle's close with its open relative to its range.

The common settings are 10 for the channel and 21 for the average, with overbought at +60 and oversold at -60. Some traders also mark +53 and -53 as a softer level.

The main buy signal is the fast line crossing above the slow line while both are below -60. It shows a turn up from an oversold extreme.

It uses a similar calculation (distance from an average divided by average distance, scaled by 0.015) but adds smoothing and a second line. That makes it smoother than CCI.

No, values for closed candles do not change. The live candle's value moves until the candle closes, so a cross is only confirmed at the close.

3 for the price RSI, 2 for the streak RSI and 100 for the percent rank. These are Larry Connors' original values and WickSpeak's defaults.

Below 10 is the usual buy level, and below 5 for fewer, more stretched setups. Connors used it only when the market was above its 200 day moving average.

Standard RSI uses 14 candles of gains and losses. Connors RSI uses a much shorter RSI and adds a streak count and a percent rank, so it is faster and reaches extremes more often.

It can be used on gold, but it was designed for stock indices. Test it on gold with your own costs before trusting the levels, as gold trends differently.

It measures the average size and direction of candle bodies, close minus open. Positive values mean candles have mostly closed up; negative values mean they have closed down.

Common settings are 8 to 14 candles; WickSpeak uses 10. Shorter settings react quickly but are noisier.

It is a momentum indicator that reflects buying and selling pressure in the candles. Many traders use its side of 0 as a simple trend read.

Qstick averages the raw body size in points. Balance of Power divides each body by its full range, so every candle scores from -1 to +1.

It tells you how steeply the best-fit line through recent prices is rising or falling. Positive means up, negative means down, and its size shows how fast.

20 is a common default. Use 50 or 100 to measure the larger trend, or 10 for short-term swings.

It answers a slightly different question. A moving average tells you the average price; the slope tells you the direction and speed. Many traders use both.

Because it fits a line through the whole window, older candles keep pulling it the old way until enough new candles agree. It is a confirmation tool, not an early warning.

It shows whether volume has mostly come in on candles closing near their highs (buying) or near their lows (selling). A rising line suggests accumulation, a falling one distribution.

OBV adds all of a candle's volume if it closed up and subtracts it all if it closed down. A/D weights the volume by where the close sits in the candle's range, so it reacts to the quality of each close.

It works, but forex and CFD brokers supply tick volume rather than traded contracts. Treat it as a guide to activity and use it mainly for divergences.

It is when price and the A/D line disagree, for example price making a new high while the line makes a lower high. It shows the move has less buying behind it.

The standard settings are a 3 period and a 10 period EMA of the Accumulation/Distribution line. WickSpeak uses these as defaults.

Chaikin Money Flow sums money flow volume over 20 candles and divides by total volume, giving a value between -1 and +1. The Chaikin Oscillator is the gap between a fast and slow EMA of the A/D line, so it shows momentum of the flow.

It means the short-term average of the A/D line has moved above the longer one, so accumulation is speeding up. Traders read it as buying pressure building.

Yes, using the tick volume your broker supplies. It works best on 1 hour and higher charts, paired with a price signal.

It compares a short and a long average of volume and shows the gap as a percentage. Positive readings mean volume is above normal, negative readings below.

5 and 20 are common defaults and suit intraday charts. 14 and 28 or 12 and 26 are used for slower readings.

They are nearly the same idea. PVO is the MACD version, using 12 and 26 EMAs and often a signal line. The Volume Oscillator usually uses shorter lengths and no signal line.

No. It rises with more activity whether price is going up or down, so pair it with a price signal for direction.

OBV adds or subtracts the full volume depending on whether price closed up or down. PVT multiplies volume by the size of the percentage move, so large moves count more and tiny moves count less.

Look at the direction. Rising PVT with rising price confirms the move; disagreement between them is a divergence and a warning.

The line itself has none. Many traders add a moving average of PVT to get crossover signals.

Yes, both names are used for the same indicator.

It measures how far price moves relative to the volume needed to move it. High positive values mean price is rising on light volume; high negative values mean it is falling on light volume.

14 periods is the common default for the smoothing. Shorter settings react faster but cross 0 more often.

Richard Arms, who also created the Arms Index (TRIN) and Equivolume charts.

Yes. It combines price movement with volume, so on forex and CFD markets it uses the tick volume your broker supplies.

It shows how price has behaved on candles with lower volume than the one before. A rising NVI means price has tended to rise on quieter candles.

Traditionally a 255 period EMA on daily charts, about one trading year. Some traders use shorter averages for more signals.

NVI only updates on candles where volume fell, following the quieter trade. PVI only updates where volume rose, following the busier crowd.

It can be calculated with tick volume, but it was built for stock indices where volume is reported by an exchange. On forex treat it as a rough guide.

It measures price change on candles where volume rose from the previous candle. It shows what the market does when activity picks up.

Plot both against their long moving averages. Both above is a supported uptrend, both below a weak market, and a split shows the crowd and the quieter trade disagree.

A 255 period EMA on daily charts is traditional, roughly one trading year. Shorter averages give faster but noisier signals.

Not very. On intraday charts volume rises mostly because of session opens and news, so PVI mainly reflects those events.

The standard settings are 34 and 55 for the EMAs of volume force and 13 for the signal line. WickSpeak uses 34 and 55 as defaults.

It is used to judge long-term money flow while catching short-term turns. Signal line crosses give entries and divergence with price gives warnings.

There are two common versions: Klinger's full formula, which scales volume by range, and a simplified one using volume x trend direction. They give similar shapes but different values.

It works with the tick volume brokers provide. Use it on 1 hour and higher charts and confirm with price action.

It tells you how far price has moved from the volume weighted average price since the reset, in percent. A large distance means price is stretched from the session's fair price.

Not on its own. It shows a stretch, and stretches often pull back, but strong trend days can stay extended. Wait for a price signal before fading it.

By default at the start of each day. WickSpeak also offers a weekly reset and a session reset.

Yes, using the tick volume your broker supplies. It is widely used on gold and index CFDs as an intraday fair price.

It means the close is above the upper Bollinger Band. In a range this is stretched; in a strong trend or breakout it shows strength.

The standard is 20 periods and 2 standard deviations, the same as the bands. Some traders use 10 and 1.5 for faster signals or 50 and 2.5 for slower ones.

%B shows where price is inside the bands. Bandwidth shows how wide the bands are. Together they show both position and volatility.

Yes. A reading below 0 means price closed below the lower band. Likewise it can go above 1.

The standard settings are length 20, Bollinger Bands 2 and Keltner 1.5, and most traders keep them. Shortening the length to 10 or 14 gives more frequent squeezes on fast charts, at the cost of more false releases.

The dots show whether the squeeze is on or off. A squeeze is on when the Bollinger Bands sit inside the Keltner Channel, meaning volatility is unusually low. When the dots change back, the squeeze has released.

They use the same idea: Bollinger Bands inside a Keltner Channel plus a momentum histogram. The LazyBear Squeeze Momentum is a widely used free version of John Carter's TTM Squeeze, and the momentum line is worked out slightly differently between versions.

Not on its own. The squeeze says a move is likely to get bigger; the momentum bars show which way pressure leans. Wait for the release and a close outside the quiet range before choosing a side.

It measures how much a market is trending versus moving sideways, from 0 to 100. Values above 61.8 point to a choppy, sideways market and values below 38.2 to a strong trend. It never tells you the direction.

14 is the standard and works on most timeframes. Some traders use 20 or 28 for a slower filter on higher timeframes.

They come from Fibonacci ratios and are the conventional thresholds for choppy and trending. They are rules of thumb, so some traders use 60 and 40 instead.

No, but they answer a similar question. ADX rises as a trend strengthens; CHOP falls as a trend strengthens. Many traders use one or the other as a trend filter.

It means price has recently fallen a long way from its high or stayed below it for a long time. That signals stress in the trend and higher downside risk.

Standard deviation counts moves up and down equally. The Ulcer Index only counts drops from the recent high, so a fast steady rise scores low.

There is no universal value. Compare it with its own recent average on the same market and timeframe; below average means calmer than normal.

It is built for long side risk because it measures drops from highs. For short trades, watch rallies with ATR or standard deviation instead.

It measures the rate of change of the average high to low range of candles. Rising means candles are getting bigger, falling means they are getting smaller.

The common default is 10 for both the smoothing average and the look back. Some traders use 10 and 10 or vary them separately.

No. ATR gives the average candle size in points; Chaikin Volatility gives the percentage change in candle size. ATR is better for setting stops, Chaikin Volatility for spotting expansion.

No. It only shows whether volatility is expanding or contracting. Use price action or a trend indicator to choose the side.

It tells you how far closes usually sit from their average, in price points. Rising standard deviation means volatility is increasing; falling means it is decreasing.

20 is the most common because it matches Bollinger Bands. Use 10 for a quicker read on intraday charts or 50 for a broader view.

ATR measures candle ranges including gaps, so it is the usual choice for stops. Standard deviation measures how far closes drift from the average, which suits mean reversion and band strategies.

Neither. It means bigger moves, which offers larger targets but needs wider stops and smaller size.

It shows whether price is trending or ranging. Rising values point to a trend and falling values to a sideways market.

28 is a common default. Shorter periods such as 14 react quicker but give more false signals.

They do a similar job in different ways. VHF compares net distance with total distance; ADX measures directional movement. Many traders find VHF reacts a little faster.

No. A high VHF means a strong trend in either direction. Check which way price is moving before choosing a side.

It is the Mass Index rising above 27 and then falling back below 26.5. Dorsey described it as a warning that the current trend may soon reverse.

The standard is a 9 period exponential average and a 25 period sum. Most traders keep both.

No. It only measures range expansion and contraction. Use the direction of the trend before the bulge, and trade against it.

It is fairly rare on higher timeframes, which is part of its appeal. On short timeframes it appears much more often and is less reliable.

14 days is the common default. Use 5 days to reflect a recent change in volatility, or 20 to 30 days for a steadier figure.

Measure how far price has already moved today and compare it with the ADR. If the day has covered most of it, take profit sooner; if it has covered little, there is likely more room.

They are close. ATR includes overnight gaps between days; ADR here is purely high minus low within each day.

Centring on the open gives an even expected box for the day before you know which way it will go. As the day develops, measure from the actual high or low as well.

They are vertical lines that mark the start of each new day, week or month on a chart. They make it easy to see where one trading period ends and the next begins.

In WickSpeak the day line falls at the change of date in UTC. Your broker's daily candle may start at a different time, such as 5pm New York, so allow for that when comparing.

No. These lines divide by day, week or month only. For hour by hour behaviour, Time of day DNA shows what each London clock hour usually does on the chart.

Day separators work best from 1 to 30 minute charts. On higher timeframes switch to week or month lines.

Wave 2 never retraces more than 100% of wave 1; wave 3 is never the shortest of waves 1, 3 and 5; and wave 4 does not overlap the price range of wave 1. Break any of these and the count is invalid.

The swings and the rule checks can be done automatically, and WickSpeak does that. The final label is still a judgement, which is why the tool shows one count and says when it breaks a rule.

Wave 3 often extends to about 1.618 times the length of wave 1, measured from the end of wave 2. It is a common area, not a guarantee.

Gold trends strongly at times, which suits wave counting on 4 hour and daily charts. During sideways spells counts become unreliable and are often relabelled.

A break of structure (BOS) is a close beyond the last swing in the same direction as the trend, so the trend continues. A change of character (CHoCH) is the first close beyond a swing against the trend, so it may be turning.

In WickSpeak, no. A break needs a candle to close beyond the swing. A wick that pokes through and closes back is more often a liquidity sweep.

Use a higher timeframe such as 1 hour or 4 hour for the main direction and a lower one such as 5 or 15 minute for entries. The swing size setting controls how fine the structure is.

Higher high, higher low, lower high and lower low. Highs and lows rising together mean an uptrend; falling together mean a downtrend.

It is a three candle pattern where the middle candle moves so fast that the first and third candles do not overlap. The space left between them is the gap.

No. Many are revisited, but some are never filled, especially in strong trends. Treat a gap as a place to watch, not a promise.

An order block is the last opposite candle before a strong move. A fair value gap is the empty space that move left behind. They often sit next to each other.

Use the higher timeframe gap for direction and lower timeframe gaps for entries, for example a 1 hour gap with a 5 minute entry.

It is the last candle that moved the opposite way before a strong move. Traders treat it as a zone where buying (demand) or selling (supply) may happen again when price returns.

It should be followed by a strong move, a candle body much bigger than normal (WickSpeak uses 1.5 ATR by default), and ideally that move should break structure. Untapped blocks are usually given more weight.

They are closely related. An order block is a specific candle; a supply or demand zone is often drawn more broadly around the base of a move.

If price closes through it, the block has failed. Some traders then watch it as support or resistance from the other side, often called a breaker block.

It is the pool of orders waiting at a price, mostly stop losses and pending orders. Equal highs and lows attract them because they look like obvious places to put stops.

A sweep is when price trades through a level where stops are resting, triggers them, then reverses. A close back inside the level is what separates a sweep from a breakout.

Two or more swing highs (or lows) at almost the same price. WickSpeak counts them as equal when they are within 0.15% of each other by default.

Yes, the two terms describe the same thing: price running stops just beyond a level before turning.

They are the top and bottom halves of the latest swing range. Premium is above the 50% line and discount below it.

Equilibrium is the 50% point of the swing range. It marks the balance between premium and discount.

OTE means optimal trade entry. It is the area between the 61.8% and 79% Fibonacci levels of a swing, used by many ICT traders to time pullback entries.

In an uptrend, buying in discount usually gives a better price and a tighter stop. It is a guideline, and strong trends sometimes never pull back that far.

No single pattern is reliable on its own. The Gartley and Bat are popular because the stop beyond X is clear and close. Check any pattern with confirmation at D.

B retraces about 61.8% of XA, C retraces 38.2% to 88.6% of AB, and D completes near the 78.6% retracement of XA, with CD about 1.13 to 1.618 times BC.

The Bat has a shallower B point (38.2% to 50% of XA) and a deeper D point (88.6% of XA). The Gartley has B near 61.8% and D near 78.6%.

Wait for D to complete, look for a reversal candle there, place the stop just beyond the pattern's limit and target the 38.2% and 61.8% retracements of the CD leg.

Regular divergence warns a trend may turn: price makes a new extreme the indicator does not. Hidden divergence suggests continuation: price makes a shallower pullback than the indicator.

RSI is the most common choice and the default here. MACD suits slower swings, and CVD or OBV show whether volume backs the move.

Divergence shows momentum fading, which can last a long time before price turns. Always wait for a price trigger such as a break of a minor swing.

On many tools a divergence is drawn off a swing that is still forming, so it can vanish. WickSpeak only uses confirmed swings to avoid that.

No pattern works on its own. Engulfing patterns and pin bars (hammers and shooting stars) are popular because their stop level is clear. Location at a key level matters most.

There are dozens in common use. WickSpeak recognises 70 candlestick patterns, plus price action, chart and harmonic patterns, 146 in all.

Usually yes. A break of the pattern's high or low on the next candle reduces false signals, at the cost of a slightly worse price.

Yes, and gold respects key levels well, so patterns at the previous day high or low or at round numbers are worth watching on 15 minute to 1 hour charts.

146: 70 candlestick patterns, 28 price action patterns, 30 chart patterns and 18 harmonic patterns.

They show what happened after each past pattern on your chart: a tick if price went the pattern's way, a cross if it failed. It helps you see which patterns have been behaving on that market.

Yes. Choose the family, then pick the single pattern you want, and set the direction filter to bullish, bearish or both.

Yes. In Playbook a pattern can be a condition in a play, and the play can be backtested on past candles with your costs.

None is reliable on its own. Head and shoulders and double tops are widely used because the neckline gives a clear trigger and stop.

Take the pattern's height, such as head to neckline, and project it from the breakout point. It is a guide, not a promise.

The line joining the lows between the shoulders of a head and shoulders, or the middle low of a double top. A close through it confirms the pattern.

WickSpeak reads only the last 7 swings, so once new swings form the old pattern clears. That keeps the chart focused on current structure.

Volume profile stacks traded volume by price over any range you choose. Market profile does it session by session and adds the initial balance, focusing on how each day's auction developed.

It is the price range where a set share of the session's activity happened, 70% by default. Its top and bottom are the value area high and low.

The high and low of the first part of the session, 1 hour by default. A break of either side shows which way the session is extending.

Pick three swing points. Draw a line from the first through the midpoint of the other two, then two parallel lines through those two points. WickSpeak does this from the last three swings.

Price tends to return to the median line. If it fails to reach it, Andrews saw that as a sign the trend was losing strength.

Not strictly; it is a channel built from swing points. It is often used alongside Fibonacci levels.

1 hour to daily charts give the most stable forks. On very short charts the anchor points change too quickly.

It is the line that moves one unit of price per unit of time, often called the 45 degree line. Gann saw it as the balance between price and time.

Angles depend on how much price a bar is worth on the chart's scale. WickSpeak fixes that with the unit per bar setting, 0.35% of price by default.

In an uptrend, buy pullbacks that hold above the 1x1 line, with a stop below the next line. A close below the 1x1 suggests the trend is weakening.

No. This tool draws the Gann fan angles from the last swing.

It is a set of sloping lines drawn from the start of a move through Fibonacci levels of that move. The lines act as diagonal support and resistance.

Retracement lines are flat price levels. Fan lines slope, so they include time as well as price.

The 38.2%, 50% and 61.8% lines are watched most. A break of the 61.8% line often means a deeper correction.

No. This tool draws the Fibonacci fan lines from the last swing.

It depends on the chart. Time of day DNA measures it for you from the last 30 days, showing which London hours are usually busiest. Gold is typically most active around the London and New York opens.

WickSpeak measures hours on the London clock so the rhythm lines up with the London and New York sessions, which drive most activity in gold, indices and forex.

No. It shows what that hour has usually done on this chart. It is a tendency to plan around, not a forecast.

It measures each clock hour separately. On a 4 hour or daily chart there are no individual hours to measure.

A stop hunt is when price trades just beyond a level where many stops sit, triggers them, then reverses. It is also called a liquidity sweep.

A sweep is price going through a swing by no more than 1.5 times the ATR and closing back inside within 30 candles. Anything else counts as breaking and running.

Beyond the likely stop band rather than exactly at the swing high or low. The map draws that band 0.3 ATR past each swing.

No. It is how often swings on this chart were swept in the loaded history. It describes a habit of the market, not the result of any trade.

Yes, it is a bullish sign, but only a hint. It shows sellers were beaten back after a fall. It becomes tradable when the next candle closes above the hammer's high.

Not much. A hammer with an up body is slightly stronger because it closed above its open, but the long lower wick after a fall is what defines it. Either colour still needs the confirming close.

They look the same: a long lower wick and a small body at the top. A hammer forms after a fall and is bullish. A hanging man forms after a rise and is a bearish warning.

Just below the hammer's low, the end of its lower wick. A close below that low proves the pattern wrong, so there is no reason to stay in the trade after it.

Yes, it is a bearish warning after a rise. On its own it only shows buyers were rejected. It becomes a sell signal once the next candle closes below its low.

They have the same shape: a long upper wick and a small body at the bottom. A shooting star forms after a rise and is bearish. An inverted hammer forms after a fall and is a gentle bullish hint.

A common rule is at least twice the body. The longer the wick compared with the body, the clearer the rejection.

A close above its high. At that point buyers have pushed past the rejection, so the bearish reading no longer holds.

It is mildly bullish when it forms after a fall. It only shows buyers are starting to try, so it needs a close above its high before it means anything to trade.

A hammer closes after rejecting lower prices. An inverted hammer closes after buyers failed to hold higher prices, so the evidence is softer. That is why we treat it as a hint, not a signal.

Wait for a candle that closes above the inverted hammer's high. Until then, there is no trade.

Just below the inverted hammer's low. A close below that low proves the pattern wrong.

It is a mild bearish warning when it forms after a rise. It needs a close below its low before it becomes a sell.

The shape is the same. A hanging man forms after a rise and warns of selling; a hammer forms after a fall and hints at buying.

It shows sellers were strong enough to push price well down during the candle, which they had not been doing in the rise. That is new selling interest.

A close above its high. That shows buyers have pushed on through the warning.

After a fall it is a mild bullish hint. It needs a candle closing above its high before it becomes a buy.

A hammer has a small body near the top. A dragonfly doji has almost no body, with open and close at the high. Both show rejected lower prices; we treat the dragonfly as the gentler of the two.

A doji is a candle whose open and close are at nearly the same price. It shows neither side won the candle.

A close below its low. That means sellers pushed past the level they were rejected from.

After a rise it is a mild bearish hint. It becomes a sell only once a candle closes below its low.

Both show rejected higher prices. The shooting star has a small body near the low; the gravestone has almost none. We treat the gravestone as the gentler hint that needs a confirming close.

Yes, but there it means little. Its message is about a rise running out, so it matters after a rise and at a ceiling.

A close above its high, which shows buyers have taken back the rejected prices.

It is a long up candle after a fall that opens on its low and closes near its high. It hints sellers have been stopped, and needs a close above its high to trade.

It is a long down candle after a rise that opens on its high and closes near its low. Sell only once a later candle closes below its low.

A marubozu has almost no wicks at either end and is read as pressure carrying on. A belt hold only needs no wick at the open end and is read as a possible turn after a move.

Beyond the far end of the candle: below the low for bullish, above the high for bearish. A close past that level cancels the pattern.

Either. An up marubozu shows buyers in charge, a down one shows sellers in charge. It is read as a continuation of pressure, not a turn.

Usually not. We wait for a small pullback, because buying the close puts the stop far away and late in a move it is often the last push.

It is a Japanese term often translated as close-cropped, describing a candle with its wicks shaved off.

A close back past its middle: below the middle for a bullish one, above the middle for a bearish one.

A bullish pin bar is close to a hammer, but the pin bar's wick must stick out past the candles around it. That location detail is what makes it a pin bar.

Higher timeframes, such as 1 hour, 4 hour and daily, usually give cleaner pin bars because low timeframes are full of wicks.

Just beyond the tip of the long wick. A close past that end cancels the pattern.

Yes. We wait for the next candle to close above the high for a bullish pin bar or below the low for a bearish one.

A down candle followed by an up candle whose body completely covers the down body. After a fall it hints sellers have been stopped.

No. The usual rule is body over body. Covering the wicks too makes it an outside bar as well, which is a stronger look but not required.

It is a sign the move is tiring, not proof it has turned. We wait for a close beyond the pattern before trading.

Just beyond the far end of the two candles: below the low for bullish, above the high for bearish.

Yes, it is a bullish two candle signal after a fall. It needs a close above the pattern's high to trade.

The piercing line's up candle closes above the middle of the prior down body but below its open. A bullish engulfing closes above that open, covering the whole body.

Classic rules ask for a gap down. In markets that trade around the clock, like gold and forex, opening at or below the prior close is the practical version.

A close below the pattern's low.

Yes, it is a bearish two candle signal after a rise. It needs a close below the pattern's low to trade.

Dark cloud cover closes below the middle of the prior up body but above its open. A bearish engulfing closes below that open.

Below the midpoint of the first candle's body. The deeper it closes, the clearer the message.

A close above the pattern's high.

Yes, after a fall it hints the level is holding. It needs a close above the pattern's high to trade.

Close enough is fine. On gold that might mean within a point or so, on US30 a few points.

A tweezer bottom is two candles in a row. A double bottom is a chart pattern with two lows separated by a rally.

A close below the shared low.

Yes, after a rise it hints the level is capping price. It needs a close below the pattern's low to trade.

In our definition, yes: an up candle then a down candle with the same high.

A tweezer top is two candles in a row. A double top is a chart pattern with two highs separated by a dip.

A close above the shared high.

It is Japanese for pregnant, because the small candle sits inside the large one.

No. It is one of the gentler signals and needs a close beyond the pattern before trading.

A harami compares bodies only. An inside bar has the whole candle, wicks included, inside the previous candle's range.

A close beyond the far end of the pattern: below the low for bullish, above the high for bearish.

It is read as a stronger version, because the second candle shows complete indecision. It still needs confirmation.

Wait for a candle that closes above the pattern's high, then buy with a stop just below its low.

A close beyond the far end of the pattern: below the low for bullish, above the high for bearish.

It needs the second candle to open beyond the first candle's open, which usually means a gap. Markets that trade continuously rarely gap between candles.

Indices such as US30 and NAS100 around the cash open, and most markets after a weekend.

It hints at one: it is a sign the move is tiring, not proof. We wait for a close beyond the pattern.

A close below the pattern's low for a bullish kicker, or above its high for a bearish one.

A piercing line closes above the middle of the prior body. A counterattack only gets back to the prior close, so it shows a smaller recovery.

Yes. Counterattack lines and meeting lines are two names for the same pattern.

The second candle has to open well beyond the first close. Without a gap that cannot happen.

A close below the pattern's low for the bullish version, or above its high for the bearish version.

Mildly. It shows sellers could not close lower, but it needs a close above the pattern's high before trading.

A matching low has two down candles with the same close. A tweezer bottom is a down candle then an up candle with the same low.

Very close. On gold within about a point, on US30 within a few points.

A close below the pattern's low.

Mildly. It shows buyers could not close higher, but it needs a close below the pattern's low before trading.

A matching high has two up candles with the same close. A tweezer top is an up candle then a down candle with the same high.

A close above the pattern's high.

It is bullish. It appears after a fall and hints that sellers are running out of energy. It still needs a close above the pattern's high before you act.

Both have a small second candle inside the body of a long down candle. In a harami the second candle is usually an up candle, while in a homing pigeon both candles are down candles. The way to trade them is the same.

The second candle must open inside the first candle's body, below its open. In markets that trade around the clock, like gold and forex, a new candle usually opens right at the last close, so the shape appears less often unless the market gaps.

Just below the pattern's low. A close below that low proves the pattern wrong, so there is no reason to stay in the trade after it.

It is bearish. It appears after a rise and hints the buyers are tiring. It needs a close below the pattern's low before it is worth acting on.

They are close cousins. In a bearish harami the small inside candle is usually a down candle, while in a descending hawk both candles are up candles. The trade and the stop are the same.

A close above the pattern's high. That means buyers have pushed beyond the whole pattern, so the warning has failed.

It means more on 15 minute, 1 hour and higher charts. On very short charts small inside candles appear constantly and carry little weight.

It is a continuation pattern. It says the trend is still in charge after a one candle pause, so you trade it in the trend's direction only.

In a rise, buy once price closes above the pattern's high and place the stop just below its low. A close below the low proves it wrong.

The second candle must open well away from the first candle's close, back at the first candle's open. In markets that trade around the clock candles usually open at the last close, so the shape needs a gap.

No. Without a trend there is nothing to continue, so in a sideways market the pattern means nothing.

It means a rise paused for one weak candle and buyers held control. The small down candle could only reach the first candle's high, so the trend is still in charge.

The classic on-neck is bearish and appears in a fall. The bullish on-neck is its mirror in a rise. Both are continuation patterns traded with the trend.

Just below the pattern's low. A close below that low proves it wrong.

No. It only says a trend is continuing, so without a rise behind it the pattern means nothing.

In an on-neck the up candle closes at the first candle's low. In an in-neck it closes just inside the first candle's body. Both are traded the same way, with the trend.

A close above the pattern's high. That means buyers have taken back the whole pattern, so the continuation has failed.

No. It is a continuation pattern. The small up candle looks like a bounce, but it is too weak to change anything.

That a rise paused for one candle and sellers could only dip just inside the prior candle. Buyers are still in charge.

In the in-neck the down candle closes just inside the first body. In bullish thrusting it closes further in, but still above the middle. Both are traded with the trend.

Just below the pattern's low. A close below that low proves the pattern wrong.

Backtest it on your market in Playbook before trusting it. It is a continuation hint that works only inside a trend, so always wait for the close above the pattern's high and test it on your own market in Playbook.

It is bearish. It appears in a fall and says the trend will likely carry on after a weak bounce.

The on-neck bounce closes at the first candle's low. The in-neck bounce closes just inside the first candle's body. The trade is the same: with the trend.

A close above the pattern's high. Buyers have then taken back the whole pattern.

15 minute and higher charts in a clear trend. On very short charts the shape appears often and carries little weight.

A rise paused and sellers pushed into the last up candle but could not get below its middle. Buyers are still in charge, so the rise is likely to carry on.

Dark cloud cover closes below the middle of the up candle and warns the rise is tiring. Bullish thrusting closes above the middle and says the rise is still in charge.

Just below the pattern's low. A close below it proves the pattern wrong.

On WickSpeak both thrusting versions are treated as continuation patterns and traded with the trend only.

On WickSpeak the thrusting pattern is bearish: it appears in a fall and says the trend is likely to carry on.

Both have an up candle after a down candle. In a piercing line the up candle closes above the middle of the down candle and hints the fall is tiring. In thrusting it stays below the middle, so sellers are still in charge.

A close above the pattern's high.

No. It only says a trend is carrying on, so without a fall behind it the pattern means nothing.

Yes. It appears after a fall and shows sellers being stopped. It is a sign the fall is tiring, not proof it has turned, so wait for a close above the pattern's high.

In a morning doji star the middle candle is a doji, where open and close are almost the same. The trade and the stop are the same for both.

Just below the pattern's low, usually the low of the middle candle. A close below it proves the pattern wrong.

Not on markets that trade around the clock, such as gold and forex. What matters is that the middle candle is small and sits low, and that the third candle closes above the middle of the first.

Yes. It appears after a rise and shows buyers being stopped. It is a sign the rise is tiring, not proof it has turned, so wait for a close below the pattern's low.

In an evening doji star the middle candle is a doji, with open and close almost the same. Both are traded the same way.

Just above the pattern's high, usually the high of the middle candle. A close above it proves the pattern wrong.

It carries more weight on 15 minute, 1 hour and higher charts, especially at a ceiling. On 1 minute charts the shape appears often and means less.

Many traders treat the doji as a clearer sign of a stalled fall. The rules are the same though: wait for a close above the pattern's high, and a close below its low proves it wrong.

Just below the pattern's low, which is usually the doji's low.

In an abandoned baby the doji gaps clear of the candles either side, with no overlap at all. A morning doji star does not need those gaps.

Yes. It appears after a rise and shows buyers stalling then being pushed back. Wait for a close below the pattern's low before selling.

A close above the pattern's high. Buyers have then pushed past the doji and the warning has failed.

No. A doji alone only shows a stall. The evening doji star needs the down candle after it, and then a close below the pattern's low.

At a ceiling after a clear rise, on 15 minute and higher charts.

It needs two clean gaps, one either side of the doji. Markets that trade around the clock, such as gold and forex, rarely gap between candles, so the pattern mostly shows on indices and shares.

In a morning star the middle candle is small and sits low but can overlap its neighbours. In a bullish abandoned baby the middle candle is a doji that does not overlap either neighbour at all.

Wait for the next candle to close above the pattern's high, then buy with a stop just below the pattern's low. A close below that low proves it wrong.

Yes. Both versions appear at the end of a move and show it tiring. It is not proof the move has turned, which is why it still needs a confirmation close.

Yes. They show buyers in charge for three candles with no fight back. Late in a long rise, though, they are often the last push, so location matters.

We would not chase them. Early in a move, buy a small pullback with a stop below the pattern's low.

A close back below the middle of the pattern. Sellers have then taken back half of the push.

Both are three up candles. In an advance block the bodies shrink and the upper wicks grow, which shows buyers tiring. Soldiers have full bodies closing near their highs.

Yes. They show sellers in charge for three candles. Late in a long fall they are often the last push, so where they form matters.

We would not chase them. Early in a move, sell a small pullback with a stop above the pattern's high.

A close back above the middle of the pattern.

The pattern appears on gold like any market. The same rules apply: favour it early in a fall, sell a pullback, and step aside on a close back above the middle.

Yes. It is a bullish harami confirmed by a third candle that closes above the first. It shows the fall tiring, not proof it has turned.

Three inside up starts with a harami, a small candle inside a big one. Three outside up starts with a bullish engulfing, a big up candle swallowing a smaller down one.

Just below the pattern's low. A close below it proves the pattern wrong.

On WickSpeak, yes: wait for the next candle to close above the pattern's high before buying.

Yes. It is a bearish harami confirmed by a down candle that closes below the first candle. It warns the rise is tiring.

A close above the pattern's high.

Three inside down starts with a harami (small candle inside a big one). Three outside down starts with a bearish engulfing (a big down candle swallowing a smaller up one).

It carries more weight on 15 minute and higher charts, at a ceiling after a clear rise.

Yes. It is a bullish engulfing followed by a higher close. It shows the fall tiring, though it is not proof the fall has turned.

Three outside up adds a third up candle that closes higher, so it shows buyers following through on the engulfing.

Just below the pattern's low. A close below it proves the pattern wrong.

We do not rank them with win rates. Both are traded the same way. You can backtest each one on your own market in Playbook and compare.

Yes. It is a bearish engulfing followed by a lower close, and it warns the rise is tiring.

A close above the pattern's high.

Three outside down adds a third down candle that closes lower, so it shows sellers following through.

At a ceiling after a clear rise, on 15 minute and higher charts. In the middle of a range it means little.

No, it is one of the gentler signals. It tells you the move has stalled, not that it has turned. Wait for a close beyond the pattern before trading it.

A bullish tri-star forms after a fall with the middle doji lowest. A bearish tri-star forms after a rise with the middle doji highest. The trade direction and stop flip accordingly.

It is uncommon because it needs three true dojis in a row in the right shape. On fast markets like gold and US30 it shows up more on lower timeframes, where it is also less reliable.

Just beyond the far end of the whole pattern: below the low for a bullish tri-star, above the high for a bearish one. A close past that point proves the pattern wrong.

It means a closing price was defended twice, with a move the other way in between. It hints the move into that level is tiring. It still needs a close beyond the pattern to confirm.

It comes in both. The bullish version has two down candles closing at the same price around an up candle. The bearish version has two up candles closing at the same price around a down candle.

Very close, usually within a point or two on gold or a few points on US30. If the closes are clearly apart, the level was not really defended twice.

A tweezer bottom matches the lows of two candles in a row. A stick sandwich matches the closes of the first and third candles with a candle in between.

It is three down candles in a fall where each body shrinks and each lower wick grows. It shows sellers are tiring. It is the falling mirror of the advance block.

Only a gentle one. It says the fall is losing energy, not that it has turned. Wait for a close above the pattern's high before buying.

Just below the pattern's low. A close below that low proves the pattern wrong.

Three black crows are three strong down candles closing near their lows, showing pressure. A descent block's candles shrink and grow lower wicks, showing that pressure fading.

Yes, it is a bearish warning, but a gentle one. It shows buyers tiring in a rise. Sell only after a close below the pattern's low.

In an advance block all three candles shrink with growing upper wicks. In a deliberation the first two are long and strong, then the third suddenly stalls.

A close above the pattern's high. That means buyers have pushed on and the tiring was only a pause.

It means more on 1 hour charts and above, where each candle holds more trading. On very low timeframes the shrinking bodies are often just a quiet spell.

It means a strong fall has suddenly stalled, with the third candle barely making progress. Sellers are hesitating. It is not proof that price has turned.

Wait for a candle to close above the pattern's high. Only then buy, with the stop just below the pattern's low.

No. In a descent block all three candles shrink. In bullish deliberation the first two are long and strong and only the third stalls.

A close below the pattern's low. That shows sellers have pushed on.

The classic deliberation is bearish: it forms at the top of a rise. WickSpeak also names a bullish deliberation, its mirror at the bottom of a fall.

Because the third candle stalls after two strong ones. The rise has not reversed, it has simply stopped making much progress.

Wait for a close below the pattern's low, then sell. The stop goes just above the pattern's high.

A close above the pattern's high. Buyers have pushed through and the stall was only a pause.

Yes. It is a bullish continuation pattern: it says an uptrend paused and is carrying on. It is only valid inside an existing rise.

They are usually small down candles, but what matters most is that they stay inside the first long candle's range. If they break its low, the pattern is not valid.

It is the same idea on a smaller scale. A rising three methods is five candles, while a bull flag is a chart pattern that can last many candles.

A close below the pattern's low. That means the pause has turned into a real fall.

Yes. It is a bearish continuation pattern that only counts inside an existing fall. It says the downtrend paused and is carrying on.

A small, weak bounce. Because they stay inside the first long candle, buyers never took back real control.

Sell when price closes below the pattern's low, with a stop just above its high. Only do this when the market is already falling.

A close above the pattern's high. The pause has then become a real bounce.

It is a bullish continuation pattern: two up candles with a gap between them, then a down candle that dips into the gap but does not close it. The unfilled gap shows buyers still in control.

The pattern is built around a real gap between two candles. Markets that trade continuously, like most forex pairs intraday, rarely leave one, so it shows up mostly on indices at the open.

If the down candle closes the gap completely, it is no longer a tasuki gap. The floor the gap provided has gone.

A close below the pattern's low. That means the pause has turned into a real fall.

Yes. It is a bearish continuation pattern that says a fall paused and is carrying on. It only counts inside an existing downtrend.

Sell when price closes below the pattern's low, with a stop just above its high. Aim for one to two times the stop distance or the next floor.

Then the pattern fails its own rule and is not a tasuki gap. The ceiling the gap provided has been taken back by buyers.

A close above the pattern's high. Buyers have then taken control of the bounce.

Some books call it a reversal, but WickSpeak treats it as a continuation. The app's own text notes that in testing the trend usually resumes after the strike candle.

Three up candles in a rise, then one down candle that wipes out all three. Buy only if price then closes above the pattern's high.

Just beyond the far end of the pattern: below the low for the bullish version, above the high for the bearish one.

A close beyond the other end of the pattern. For the bullish version that is a close below its low, for the bearish one a close above its high.

It is a close beyond the last swing point in the direction of the trend. A bullish BOS is a close above the last swing high in an uptrend. It says the trend is carrying on.

Usually not. The better entry is a pullback towards the level that just broke, with the stop below the last swing low.

A close back below the last swing low. That breaks the higher lows the uptrend relied on.

It means a downtrend has made another lower low with a close below the last swing low. The fall is carrying on as normal.

Wait for price to pull back towards the level that just broke and sell there. Put the stop above the last swing high.

No. WickSpeak needs a candle to close below the swing low. A wick that closes back above can instead be a liquidity sweep.

A close back above the last swing high. That breaks the lower highs the downtrend relied on.

It is the first close beyond a swing point against the current trend. A bullish CHoCH is the first close above a swing high in a downtrend, an early sign it may be ending.

It is the earliest sign, and it is often wrong the first time. That is why WickSpeak's rule is to wait for a pullback that holds above the last swing low.

Ideally a pullback that holds above the last swing low, then a bullish break of structure as the new uptrend makes a higher high.

A close below the last swing low. The downtrend has then carried on.

It means an uptrend has made its first close below a swing low. It is the earliest warning the rise may be over, but not proof.

Wait for a pullback that holds below the last swing high, then sell with a stop above it. Do not sell the break itself.

A bearish CHoCH is the first break down in an uptrend. A bearish BOS is a break down in a market already falling, confirming the fall.

A close above the last swing high. The uptrend has then resumed.

Yes, traders use the two names for the same thing. Price runs the stops below a low and then snaps back.

Just beyond the end of the wick that did the sweep. A close below that point proves the trade wrong.

The first target is the nearest swing high. If that clears, the next ceiling above is the next aim.

Price ran above an obvious high, triggered the orders resting there and closed back below. It suggests the buying above the high was absorbed.

Sell once the candle has closed back below the old high. Put the stop just beyond the wick and aim first for the nearest swing low.

In a breakout the candle closes above the high and stays there. In a sweep the candle only wicks above and closes back below.

A close above the end of the wick. Buyers have then broken through for real.

Beyond the far side of the gap: below it for a bullish FVG, above it for a bearish one. A close past that side proves the trade wrong.

An FVG is the gap left by a fast move. An order block is the last opposite candle before that move. They often sit next to each other and traders use them together.

They mark the last place one side was active before the other took over. Large orders are often left waiting there, so price can react when it returns. It is not guaranteed, which is why the stop sits just beyond the block.

WickSpeak aims for the high the original move made (bullish) or its low (bearish). From there you can trail or take profit.

A close through it: below the block for a bullish one, above it for a bearish one. The waiting orders have then been used up or were never there.

It is one of the most popular price action entries because the stop can sit close to a level that has already mattered. It still fails, usually when price closes back through the level. Test it on your own market and timeframe before trading it live, for example with a backtest.

Wait for a candle that touches the broken level and closes back on the breakout side. A wick into the level is fine; a close through it is not. Some traders also want the next candle to move away from the level.

Just beyond the level that was retested, with a small buffer for spread. On gold that is often 5 to 10 points beyond the level on lower timeframes, depending on how volatile the session is.

Then there is no retest trade. Strong breaks often run without looking back, and chasing them breaks the logic of the pattern. You can wait for the next level or a smaller pullback pattern such as a bull flag.

It is the moment price closes beyond the range of a mother bar after an inside bar has formed inside it. The bullish version closes above the mother bar's high. It shows the market leaving a pause in one direction.

The classic stop for a bullish break is below the low of the mother bar. Some traders use the inside bar's own low for a tighter stop, but that is cancelled more often by normal noise.

Inside bars are most reliable on the 4 hour and daily charts, where each candle carries more activity. On 1 to 5 minute charts they appear constantly and many breaks fail.

If price closes back inside the mother bar, the setup is proved wrong. A break that fails and then closes beyond the other side is a different pattern called a fakey, which can be traded the other way.

On its own an inside bar is neither: it is a pause. The direction comes from which side of the mother bar price closes on next. A close below the low makes it a bearish breakout.

The standard stop is above the high of the mother bar. A tighter stop above the inside bar's high is possible but gets hit by normal noise more often.

A common first target is the height of the mother bar, measured from the break. Beyond that, use the next support level, since the pattern itself gives no further guide.

Yes. Indices like US30 form clean inside bars on the 1 hour and 4 hour charts, especially around the US open. Allow for spread when placing the stop above the mother bar.

A fakey is a false breakout of an inside bar. Price breaks one side, fails, and closes back beyond the other side. The traders who followed the first break are trapped.

They share the same idea, a failed breakout, but a fakey is built from an inside bar and its mother bar. A bull or bear trap is a failed break of a wider level, such as the high or low of the last 20 candles.

Beyond the furthest point of the false break: below its low for a bullish fakey and above its high for a bearish one. If price closes beyond that point the trap idea has failed.

The reversal usually comes within one to three candles after the false break. If price stays beyond the inside bar for longer, it is a real breakout rather than a fakey.

It is a three point reversal: a low, a bounce and a higher low, confirmed when price closes above the bounce. In a downtrend it is called a 1-2-3 bottom. The mirror image at the top of a rise is a 1-2-3 top.

On a close above point 2, the high of the bounce. Buying at point 3 is earlier and cheaper but has no confirmation that the turn is real.

The usual target is the size of the bounce from point 1 to point 2, added to the break level. After that, use the next resistance level.

They describe the same idea: a falling market makes a higher low and then breaks a high. Change of character is the smart money concepts name; 1-2-3 bottom is the classic price action name.

Find a high (1), the dip after it (2) and a lower high (3). The pattern is only complete when a candle closes below point 2.

Above point 3, the lower high, plus a small buffer for spread. A close above point 3 means buyers made it back and the pattern has failed.

The usual target is the size of the dip from point 1 to point 2, measured down from the break. It is a guide, not a promise.

No. In a double top the two highs are at about the same price. In a 1-2-3 top the second high is clearly lower, which shows buyers weakening sooner.

It is a breakdown that fails. Price closes below a watched low, pulls sellers in, then climbs back above the level within a few candles and leaves them on the wrong side.

You only know after the fact: a close back above the broken low within three candles. Until then, treat the breakdown as real.

They are close cousins. A sweep usually pokes below a low with a wick and closes back above on the same candle; a bear trap closes below first and recovers within three candles.

A bull trap is a breakout that fails. Price closes above a watched high, buyers pile in, then price falls back below the level within a few candles and traps them.

Many traders wait for a retest of the broken high before buying a breakout. If price falls back below the level instead, the breakout has failed and the trap trade is the other way.

In WickSpeak's definition, price must be back below the broken high within three candles. If it stays above for longer, the breakout is treated as holding.

A close above the highest point of the failed breakout. That means buyers have taken the level back and the breakout may be real after all.

Yes. It is a bullish continuation: a sharp rise, a weak dip, then a new high. The H pattern is the bearish mirror.

A common target is the size of the first sharp rise, added to the break level. Use the next resistance if it is closer.

When price closes back below the low of the weak pullback. That means sellers have taken back more than the pattern allows.

It is a bearish continuation: a sharp fall, a weak bounce that recovers less than half, then a new low. It shows sellers stayed in control.

It describes a similar idea, a weak bounce inside a fall. The H pattern adds clear rules: the bounce must be under half, and the trade only starts on a close below the first low.

Above the high of the weak bounce. A close above there means buyers recovered more than the pattern allows.

A common target is the size of the first drop, measured down from the break. Use the next support if it comes first.

Two lows at almost the same price. Stops tend to gather just below them, so they act as a magnet for price rather than a dependable floor.

They can hold, but they are often swept first. Many traders wait for price to dip below them and close back above before buying.

The shape is the same. A double bottom is traded on a close above the bounce between the lows; equal lows are traded as liquidity, with the trade on the snap back after a sweep.

When price closes below them and stays there. That means the stops were taken and sellers kept control, so the snap back did not happen.

Two swing highs at almost the same price. Stop orders gather just above them, which makes the area a target for price.

Sometimes, but they are often taken out first. Many traders wait for price to poke above and close back below before selling.

It is the pool of buy orders, mostly stops from sellers and breakout entries, that sits above obvious highs such as equal highs. Large traders can sell into those orders.

When price closes above the highs and holds. That means buyers took the level and the expected snap back has not come.

No. Many gaps are filled, but strong gaps after real news can run for days without coming back. That is why the trade only stands while price stays above the gap.

A change while the market was closed or thin, such as overnight news, economic data or earnings. Buyers at the open are willing to pay more than the last traded price.

Gold trades almost around the clock during the week, so gaps mostly appear at the Sunday reopen after the weekend. Indices like US30 can also gap at the cash open, depending on your broker's data.

The gap being filled: price trading back down to the previous candle's high. At that point the reason for the gap has been undone.

Only if the gap holds. A gap down that stays unfilled through the first few candles tends to keep going; one that fills straight away tends to fail.

It is when price moves back to close the empty space left by a gap. For a gap down, that means trading back up to the previous candle's low.

Markets like gold and forex close for the weekend. If news moves the price while they are shut, the first candle on Sunday or Monday opens away from Friday's close.

The gap filling. Once price is back to the previous low, the sellers who drove the gap have lost the ground they took.

With a candle closing above the high of the bounce between the two lows, called the neckline. Before that, it is only two lows.

The usual target is the height of the pattern, from the lows to the neckline, added to the neckline. It is a guide, and the next resistance may come first.

Yes, once it is confirmed. It shows buyers defended the same price twice and then took out the high between the lows.

They are the same thing. W pattern is a nickname that comes from the shape the two lows and the bounce make on the chart.

It is one of the best known reversal patterns, but it fails often enough that the confirmation close and a stop above the highs matter. We do not quote a win rate; test it on your own market and timeframe.

When a candle closes below the low of the dip between the two highs. Until then the market may simply be ranging.

The usual target is the height from the highs to the neckline, measured down from the break.

Yes. The highs only need to be about the same price, and the second often pokes a little above the first as it sweeps stops before turning.

Three tests make the level more significant, so many traders see the break as more meaningful. It still needs a close above the bounces to count.

Buy the close above the bounce highs or a retest of that level, with the stop below the three lows. Target the height of the pattern from the break.

A close back below the level that broke. A break below the three lows themselves would cancel it even more clearly.

There is no fixed number, but each low should be a clear, separate swing. Three lows on consecutive candles are just a flat patch, not a pattern.

Buyers failed three times at the same price. Once price closes below the dips between the highs, it shows sellers have taken control.

Above the three highs, with a small buffer for spread. A close back above the broken level already proves the trade wrong, often before that stop is reached.

The height of the pattern, from the highs to the breakdown level, measured down from the break.

They can look similar. A rectangle needs a flat floor and ceiling; a triple top focuses on three failed highs and is traded on the break below the dips.

Yes. Once price closes above the neckline it is a bullish reversal, showing a downtrend losing its grip.

Measure from the lowest point of the head up to the neckline, then add that distance to the breakout point on the neckline.

A sloped neckline is fine. Draw it through the two bounce highs and use the point where price crosses it as the break.

The standard head and shoulders is bearish: it forms at the top of a rise and signals a turn down once the neckline breaks. The inverse version is bullish.

Wait for a close below the neckline, then sell the break or a retest. The stop goes above the right shoulder and the target is the head to neckline distance.

A line drawn through the two lows between the shoulders and the head. It can be flat or sloped.

A close back above the neckline after the break. That means buyers have taken back the level the pattern depends on.

Yes. It is a bullish continuation pattern: a long rest after a rise, followed by a break to new highs above the rim.

Measure the depth of the cup from the rim to the bottom, then add it to the rim. That is the usual target, though resistance may come first.

The handle should be small compared with the cup. If it falls a long way back into the cup, the pattern is weaker and many traders skip it.

It is mostly a daily and weekly pattern because the cup takes time to form. On short intraday charts the shape is often too noisy to trust.

Yes. It is the bearish mirror of the cup and handle and signals a likely move lower once the rim breaks.

Above the high of the handle. A close above there means buyers have pushed back harder than the pattern allows.

The cup part is a rounding top. The handle and the break below the rim are what turn it into a tradable inverted cup and handle.

A sharp fall followed by an equally sharp recovery with no base between them. On the chart it looks like the letter V.

They give no warning and no base to buy from. By the time the shape is clear, much of the move is done, so the safer entry is the first pullback that holds.

Below the turn. For a pullback entry that can be below the pullback; the pattern itself is only proved wrong by a close below the tip of the V.

Usually news, a sweep of a level that triggers a burst of orders, or forced exits from traders on the wrong side. Whatever was pushing price down stops suddenly.

A sharp rise followed by an equally sharp fall, with no topping area between them. It looks like an upside down V.

Do not try to catch the peak. Wait for the first small bounce after the drop to stall, sell that, and place the stop above the turn.

A close above the tip of the V. That means buyers have taken back the whole reversal.

They often appear around news and the US open on US30 and NAS100, when fast moves and sudden reversals are more likely.

Wait for a close above the top of the flag, buy that close, and put the stop below the flag's low. The usual target is the length of the pole from the break.

It should be short compared with the pole, usually a handful of candles. A rest that drags on for a long time is closer to a range than a flag.

Both follow a sharp rise. A flag drifts in a small parallel channel; a pennant tightens into a small triangle.

A close back inside the flag after the breakout. That means the break did not hold and the rest is not over.

Yes. It is a bearish continuation pattern: a short rest inside a fall, followed by a break lower.

Above the high of the flag. A close back inside the flag already proves the break wrong.

The usual target is the length of the pole, measured down from the breakdown point.

A bear flag recovers only a small part of the drop and drifts in a narrow channel. A bounce that recovers more than half the fall is not a flag.

Both are short rests after a sharp move. A flag drifts in a small parallel channel, while a pennant tightens into a small triangle.

It depends on the pole. After a sharp rise it is a bullish pennant; after a sharp drop it is a bearish pennant. Both are continuation patterns.

Take the length of the pole and project it from the breakout point in the same direction.

A close back inside the pennant after the break. The squeeze has not resolved the way the pole suggested.

A range where price bounces between a flat ceiling and a flat floor, touching each at least twice. A close above or below the box is the breakout.

Buy the close above the ceiling or a retest of it, with the stop back inside the box. Target the height of the box from the break.

Neither until it breaks. The direction of the close outside the box decides it.

A close below the flat floor of a range that has been tested at least twice on each side. It shows sellers winning a period of balance.

The height of the box, measured down from the break.

A close back inside the box proves the breakdown wrong. A failed breakdown like that is often called a bear trap.

It usually is, because buyers are paying more on each dip. It is only confirmed by a close above the ceiling, and some do break down instead.

Take the height of the triangle at its widest point, from the ceiling to the first low, and add it to the breakout level.

Then the bullish case has failed. A close below the rising line of lows is a different signal and should be judged on its own.

Usually, because sellers are accepting lower prices on each bounce. It is confirmed only by a close below the flat floor.

Sell the close below the floor with a stop above the last swing high inside the triangle. Target the widest height from the break.

The height at the widest part, from the first high to the floor, measured down from the breakdown.

A close back inside the triangle after the break. That shows the floor still has buyers behind it.

Neither until it breaks. It is a squeeze with no side in charge, and the direction of the close outside the lines decides it.

False breaks are common in symmetrical triangles. A retest of the broken line that holds shows the breakout has buyers behind it.

Take the height at the widest part of the triangle and add it to the breakout point.

A pennant is a small symmetrical triangle that follows a sharp pole. A symmetrical triangle can form anywhere and is usually larger.

Wait for a close below the rising line of lows, ideally a retest that fails, then sell with the stop on the other side of the triangle.

Yes, they are common in symmetrical triangles because the squeeze is balanced. That is why a retest entry is safer than chasing the first break.

A close back inside the triangle. The squeeze has not been resolved downwards after all.

Yes, usually. Price is falling but each push achieves less, and the break above the line of highs is a bullish signal.

A common target is the point where the wedge began, its first high. Resistance on the way may stop price sooner.

A descending triangle has a flat floor. In a falling wedge both lines slope down, with the highs falling faster than the lows.

Usually. Price is rising but each push achieves less, and the break below the line of lows is a bearish signal.

A common target is where the wedge began, its first low.

Above the end of the wedge, the latest high. A close back inside the wedge already proves the breakdown wrong.

It can, and then the bearish case is cancelled. That is why the trade waits for a close below the line of lows.

A pattern where highs get higher and lows get lower, so the range widens like a megaphone. It shows a nervous, volatile market.

Not by itself. A close above the last high is a bullish break, but these fail more often than tidy patterns, so trade them with caution.

The wild swings mean breakouts often reverse. Smaller size keeps the damage limited when that happens.

It means the market is getting more volatile, with each swing reaching further than the last. Neither side has control.

Less reliable than tidy patterns such as flags or rectangles. Backtest it on your market in Playbook before trusting it, and trade it small.

No. It means the fall is losing its grip. A rise is only confirmed once price makes higher highs and higher lows.

The retest is the safer entry. It shows buyers are defending the line, and the stop below the last swing low is clearer.

At least two swing highs to draw it. A third touch before the break makes it more widely watched.

A close back below the line. The fall's cap is back in place.

The rise has lost the support that held every dip. It often leads to a sideways phase or a deeper pullback, but it is not proof of a downtrend.

Wait for the retest: price returns to the line from below and fails. Sell there with a stop above the last swing high.

They are related. A trend line break crosses a drawn line; a change of character breaks the last swing low itself, which is a stronger sign.

A reversal pattern where a push to a new extreme fails and price breaks structure the other way. Traders then wait for price to return to the level where the failed push began.

It is related. Both show a failed extreme between two swings. The Quasimodo trade is taken at the first swing's level after structure breaks, rather than at a neckline break.

Beyond the extreme of the pattern: below the lower low for the bullish version and above the higher high for the bearish version.

A cluster of candles separated from the rest of the chart by a gap on each side. An island bottom forms after a fall and is bullish; an island top forms after a rise and is bearish.

Rarely on intraday charts, because gold trades almost continuously in the week. They are more likely around the weekend gap or on markets with a daily close, such as indices.

Below the second gap, at the top of the stranded candles. If price fills that gap the pattern has failed.

Yes. It shows traders who sold in the lower pocket are now trapped below the market.

It means buyers who traded in the stranded pocket are now trapped above the market after a gap down. It is a bearish reversal sign.

Sell while price holds below the second gap, with the stop above that gap. Target the start of the first gap, then the next support.

The second gap being filled. Once price is back inside the island the trap has been undone.

Anything from one to a handful. The defining feature is a clear gap on each side of the cluster.

It comes in both. A bullish Gartley completes at a low and is bought; a bearish Gartley completes at a high and is sold.

In a Gartley B is at 61.8% and D at 78.6% of XA. In a Bat B is shallower, 38 to 50%, and D is deeper, at 88.6%.

A harmonic pattern is a forecast made from proportions, not a sign that price has turned. That is why many traders wait for a candle to turn at D before entering. We do not quote win rates; backtest the pattern on your own market first.

B retraces 38 to 50% of XA and D completes at 88.6% of XA. D stays inside X.

Near point D, at the 88.6% level. Many traders wait for a candle to turn at D before buying or selling.

The usual targets are 38% and 62% of the last leg, C to D, measured back from D.

B retraces 78.6% of XA, and D extends beyond X to 127 to 162% of XA.

In a Gartley D stays inside X at 78.6%. In a Butterfly D goes past X, to 127 to 162% of the first leg.

Just beyond D. A close beyond D proves the pattern wrong.

B retraces 38 to 62% of XA, and D extends to 161.8% of XA. It is one of the most stretched harmonic patterns.

The 161.8% extension marks an overstretched move. The idea is that price has run further than its swings normally allow.

A close beyond D: below D for a bullish Crab, above D for a bearish one.

Both complete D at 161.8% of XA. In a Crab B retraces 38 to 62% of XA; in a Deep Crab B retraces a deep 88.6%.

B at 88.6% of XA, then D at 161.8% of XA.

Just beyond D. A close beyond D proves it wrong.

B overshoots the start of the first leg instead of staying inside it, and D completes at 88 to 113% of the whole move.

Both versions exist. A bullish Shark completes at a low and is bought; a bearish Shark completes at a high and is sold.

A close beyond D, below it for the bullish version and above it for the bearish version.

C extends to 127 to 141% of the first leg, beyond A, and D completes at 78.6% of the whole move from X to C.

In a Gartley C stays inside A. In a Cypher C pushes beyond A, and D is measured against the X to C move.

Near D at the 78.6% level, often after a candle turns there, with a stop just beyond D.

A pattern of two equal legs with a pullback of about two thirds between them. It suggests the move is complete once the second leg equals the first.

BC retraces about two thirds of AB (roughly 61.8%), and CD equals AB in length.

Just beyond D, the end of the second leg. A close beyond D proves it wrong.

A pattern of three pushes in the same direction, each extending 127 to 162% of the pullback before it. It suggests the move is exhausted.

Yes. It uses Fibonacci extensions between the drives and the pullbacks, like other harmonic patterns.

Just below the third low. A close below it proves the pattern wrong.

The start of the third push. Beyond that, use the next resistance level.

Wait for the third push to a new high, then sell with a stop just above it. The first target is the start of the third push.

Each drive extends 127 to 162% of the pullback just before it.

A close above the third high. The rise still has buyers behind it.

It signals an exhausted rise and a likely pullback. Whether that becomes a full reversal depends on what price does after the first target.

Neither on its own. It shows indecision. The direction comes from the next close beyond its high or low.

It can be the first sign the rise is tiring, because buyers could not close the candle higher. It still needs a close below its low to become a sell signal.

Mark its high and low. Buy a close above the high or sell a close below the low, with the stop on the other side of the doji.

A close back inside the doji's range after the break. The indecision has not been resolved.

Buyers and sellers both pushed price a long way and the candle still closed where it opened. It shows heavy indecision.

Not on its own. After a strong move it can be an early warning, but it needs a close beyond its high or low to give a signal.

The stop goes on the other side of the candle, which can be wide. Check that the target is worth that risk before trading it.

They are very similar. A high wave candle is defined by very long wicks on a big candle after a big swing each way; a long-legged doji focuses on the open and close being equal.

Neither buyers nor sellers won the candle. It is indecision, and only matters after a strong move or at a key level.

Neither on its own. The next close above its high or below its low gives the direction.

A doji's open and close are almost equal. A spinning top has a small but visible body.

A close back inside the candle's range after the break.

A big candle with a tiny body and very long wicks on both sides. Price swung hard both ways and ended almost where it started.

Confusion. After a strong move it can be an early warning that the move is tiring.

Wait for a close beyond its high (buy) or low (sell), with the stop on the other side of the candle.

A close back inside the candle after breaking out.

The bigger candle just before the inside bar. Its high and low are the levels to watch for the breakout.

A close back inside the mother bar proves it wrong. A false break that then closes beyond the other side is called a fakey.

A candle whose high is above and whose low is below the previous candle. It shows a burst of activity in both directions.

It depends on the close. Closing near its high is bullish; closing near its low is bearish. Wait for the next candle to agree.

An outside bar's full range, wicks included, covers the previous candle. An engulfing candle's body covers the previous body. They often overlap.

A close beyond the other end of the outside bar. The side that seemed to win has lost control.

Narrow range 4: the candle with the smallest high to low range of the last four candles. It signals a quiet moment.

Mark the high and low of the bigger candle before it. Buy a close above the high or sell a close below the low, with the stop on the other side.

NR4 compares the last four candles; NR7 compares the last seven. An NR7 is a quieter, rarer squeeze.

A close back inside the bigger candle's range after the break.

A day whose high to low range is the smallest of the last seven days. It marks a very quiet session that often comes before a larger move.

No. It only says the market is quiet. The direction comes from the next close beyond the range.

NR7 is rarer and marks a tighter squeeze, so many traders give it more weight. Both are traded the same way.

A close back inside the bigger candle's range after the break.

NAS100 futures and most CFDs open on Sunday at 23:00 UK. The Nasdaq stock market session opens at 14:30 UK. In the gap weeks when US and UK clocks change on different dates, both are one hour earlier on a UK clock.

The Nasdaq stock market session closes at 21:00 UK. NAS100 futures and most CFDs keep trading until 22:00 UK, pause for an hour, then reopen at 23:00 UK. On Friday they close at 22:00 UK or a few minutes before.

Yes, they are broker names for a CFD that follows the Nasdaq-100 index. Different brokers use different tickers. Outside stock market hours, the price follows the E-mini Nasdaq-100 futures.

NAS100 is dominated by large technology companies, whose shares tend to react strongly to interest rate expectations and earnings. Its index level is also measured in larger numbers of points. So a typical day often covers more points on NAS100 than on US30 or the S&P 500.

Typically 13:30 to 16:00 UK, covering US data and the first part of the stock market session. The last hour before 21:00 UK can also be active. The Asian session is usually quieter.

US30 futures and most CFDs open on Sunday at 23:00 UK time. The New York stock market session, when the Dow is officially calculated, opens at 14:30 UK. In the few weeks when US and UK clocks change on different dates, both happen one hour earlier on a UK clock.

The stock market session closes at 21:00 UK. US30 futures and most CFDs keep trading until 22:00 UK, then pause for an hour before the next trading day starts at 23:00 UK. On Friday they close at 22:00 UK, or a few minutes earlier at many brokers.

US30 is a broker's name for a CFD that follows the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Outside New York stock market hours, its price follows the E-mini Dow futures. Small differences from the official index are normal.

Typically from 13:30 to 16:00 UK, covering US data releases and the first hour and a half after the 14:30 UK open. The last hour before 21:00 UK can also be busy. Movement is usually smaller in the Asian session.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average tracks 30 large US companies. It is price weighted, so shares with a higher price per share have more influence on the index. Members are chosen by a committee at S&P Dow Jones Indices.

ASX shares open at 10:00 Sydney time. That is 23:00 UK the evening before in UK winter and 01:00 UK in UK summer. SPI futures and most AUS200 CFDs open 10 minutes earlier.

Shares close at 16:00 Sydney time with a closing auction at about 16:10. That is 05:00 to 05:10 UK in UK winter and 07:00 to 07:10 UK in UK summer.

Yes. SPI 200 futures have a night session from 17:10 Sydney time until 07:00 or 08:00 the next morning, which covers the UK day. Most AUS200 CFDs follow it.

One ASX SPI 200 futures contract is worth 25 Australian dollars per point, and a Mini SPI 200 is 5 Australian dollars per point. CFD sizes depend on your broker.

Australia and the UK move their clocks in opposite seasons, so the gap between Sydney and London swings between 9 and 11 hours. UK times are two hours later in UK summer than in UK winter.

It is the FTSE China A50 Index, which tracks the 50 largest mainland Chinese companies listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen. Traders outside China usually reach it through SGX futures or CFDs called CHINA50 or CN50.

SGX A50 futures and most CHINA50 CFDs open at 09:00 Singapore time, which is 01:00 UK in UK winter and 02:00 UK in UK summer. Mainland shares open at 01:30 UK in winter.

Mainland shares pause from 11:30 to 13:00 Beijing time (03:30 to 05:00 UK in winter), but SGX futures and most CHINA50 CFDs keep trading through it.

CHINA50 follows the SGX futures, which have a night session that runs through the European and US day. Those futures react to global news while mainland markets are shut.

Typically the mainland morning, 01:30 to 03:30 UK in winter, when Chinese data and the open bring most of the day's movement.

Spanish shares open at 08:00 UK (09:00 Madrid), after an opening auction from 07:30 UK. Most ESP35 CFDs start trading at 07:00 UK.

The share session ends at 16:30 UK with a closing auction to about 16:35 UK. ESP35 CFDs typically stop at 19:00 UK, though MEFF futures now trade until 21:00 UK.

MEFF extended IBEX 35 futures trading to 22:00 Madrid time in 2025, but many CFD brokers kept a 20:00 Madrid close. Check your broker's trading hours.

A full IBEX 35 futures contract on MEFF is worth 10 euros per point and a Mini IBEX 35 is 1 euro per point. CFD sizes depend on your broker.

Typically 08:00 to 10:00 UK after the Madrid open, and 13:30 to 15:30 UK when US data and the US open arrive.

The member shares open at 08:00 UK (09:00 Central European time). Euro Stoxx 50 futures on Eurex start at 00:10 UK, and most EU50 CFDs open around 00:15 UK.

The shares close at 16:30 UK followed by closing auctions. Futures and most CFDs keep trading until 21:00 UK.

The Euro Stoxx 50 only includes companies from countries that use the euro. The Stoxx Europe 50 also includes companies from the UK and Switzerland.

One Eurex FESX contract is worth 10 euros per index point, with a minimum move of 1 point. CFD sizes depend on your broker.

Typically 08:00 to 10:00 UK after the European open, and 13:30 to 15:30 UK when US data and the US open arrive.

The Paris share session opens at 08:00 UK (09:00 Paris). CAC 40 futures and most FRA40 CFDs start at 07:00 UK. These UK times stay the same all year because France and the UK change clocks together.

The share session ends at 16:30 UK, with a closing auction that sets the official level at about 16:35 UK. Futures and most CFDs keep trading until 21:00 UK.

FRA40 (also FR40 or F40) is a broker's name for a CFD that follows the CAC 40. Outside the Paris share session it follows CAC 40 futures on Euronext.

One Euronext CAC 40 futures contract is worth 10 euros per index point, with a minimum move of half a point. CFD lot sizes are set by your broker, so check its contract specification.

Typically 08:00 to 10:00 UK after the Paris open, and 13:30 to 15:30 UK when US data and the US open arrive. Moves are usually small before 08:00 UK.

The Xetra stock market session, which sets the official DAX, opens at 08:00 UK (09:00 German time). DAX futures and most GER40 CFDs start much earlier, typically around 00:10 to 00:15 UK. These UK times are the same all year because Germany and the UK change clocks together.

The Xetra session closes at 16:30 UK, followed by a closing auction that sets the official closing level at about 16:35 UK. DAX futures and most GER40 CFDs keep trading until 21:00 UK.

GER40 (or DE40) is a broker's name for a CFD that follows the DAX. The DAX grew from 30 to 40 companies in 2021, which is why some older platforms still show GER30. Outside Xetra hours, the CFD follows the DAX futures on Eurex.

No. Unlike US index futures, DAX futures do not open on Sunday evening. The week starts in the early hours of Monday, around 00:10 UK.

Typically 08:00 to 10:00 UK, after the Xetra open, and again around 13:30 to 15:30 UK when US data and the US open arrive. Movement is usually small before 07:00 UK.

Hong Kong shares open at 09:30 Hong Kong time, which is 01:30 UK in UK winter and 02:30 UK in UK summer. Hang Seng futures and most HK50 CFDs open 15 minutes earlier.

Yes. The share market and futures pause from 12:00 to 13:00 Hong Kong time, which is 04:00 to 05:00 UK in winter. HK50 CFDs usually pause too.

Yes. Hang Seng futures have an after-hours session that runs until 03:00 Hong Kong time, which is 19:00 UK in winter. Most HK50 CFDs follow it, with a short gap before it starts.

One HKEX Hang Seng Index futures contract is worth 50 Hong Kong dollars per point, and a Mini contract is 10 Hong Kong dollars per point. CFD sizes depend on your broker.

Typically the first 90 minutes after the share open, 01:30 to 03:00 UK in winter, when Chinese data and the open bring most of the day's movement.

Tokyo shares open at 09:00 Tokyo time, which is 00:00 UK in UK winter and 01:00 UK in UK summer. JPN225 CFDs trade almost round the clock, typically from 23:00 UK on Sunday.

Yes. Tokyo shares pause from 11:30 to 12:30 Tokyo time (02:30 to 03:30 UK in winter). Nikkei futures and most JPN225 CFDs keep trading through it.

Since November 2024 the Tokyo afternoon session ends at 15:30 Tokyo time, with a closing auction from 15:25. That is 06:30 UK in winter and 07:30 UK in summer.

JPN225 CFDs follow Nikkei futures, which trade in Osaka's night session and on CME. They react to US markets, the yen and global news while Tokyo shares are shut.

Typically the Tokyo open (00:00 to 02:30 UK in winter) and the US data and US open window from 13:30 to 15:30 UK.

The US stock market session opens at 14:30 UK. S&P 500 futures and most US500 CFDs trade almost all day, opening on Sunday at 23:00 UK. In the gap weeks when US and UK clocks change on different dates, both are one hour earlier on a UK clock.

The stock market session closes at 21:00 UK. US500 futures and CFDs keep trading until 22:00 UK, pause for an hour, then start the next trading day at 23:00 UK.

SPX is the official S&P 500 index. US500 and SPX500 are broker names for CFDs that follow it, using futures prices outside US stock market hours. The prices are close but not always identical.

Around 500 large US companies. The exact count of shares is slightly above 500 because a few companies have more than one class of share. A committee at S&P Dow Jones Indices chooses the members.

Typically 13:30 to 16:00 UK, when US data is released and the stock market session opens. The last hour before the 21:00 UK close is also often active.

The London Stock Exchange session opens at 08:00 UK time, after an opening auction from 07:50. FTSE 100 futures and most UK100 CFDs start earlier, at 01:00 UK. These times are on London's clock, so they stay the same all year.

The stock market session closes at 16:30 UK, followed by a closing auction that runs until about 16:35. FTSE 100 futures and most UK100 CFDs keep trading until 21:00 UK.

UK100 is a broker's name for a CFD that follows the FTSE 100. During the stock market session it tracks the index closely; outside those hours it follows the FTSE 100 futures on ICE. Small differences are normal.

Many FTSE 100 companies earn most of their money abroad in dollars. When the pound weakens, those earnings are worth more in pounds, which tends to support their share prices. It is a tendency, not a rule.

Yes, through futures and most UK100 CFDs, which typically trade from 01:00 to 21:00 UK. There is no trading from 21:00 to 01:00, and none at weekends.

The US cash session opens at 14:30 UK (09:30 New York). In the gap weeks around the clock changes it opens at 13:30 UK. US2000 CFDs trade long before that, typically from 23:00 UK the evening before.

It is an index of about 2,000 smaller US companies, run by FTSE Russell. Traders use it as a read on the US home economy because most of its members sell mainly inside the US.

Smaller companies tend to carry more floating rate debt and have less spare cash, so changes in borrowing costs hit them harder. That makes the index more sensitive to Federal Reserve expectations and bond yields.

No. It typically opens at 23:00 UK on Sunday and closes at 22:00 UK on Friday, with a short break each weekday evening.

Typically 14:30 to 16:30 UK, after the US cash open, and around 13:30 UK on major US data days. Moves are usually smaller during the Asian session.

The VIX is Cboe's index of expected S&P 500 volatility over the next 30 days, worked out from S&P 500 option prices. It usually rises when shares fall, which is why it is called the fear index.

No. The index is a calculation. Traders use VIX futures on Cboe, VIX options, or VIX CFDs, which are typically priced from VIX futures rather than from the index itself.

Because the CFD follows a VIX futures contract, which prices where traders expect the VIX to be at that contract's settlement. When later futures sit above the index, the CFD is above the index too and tends to drift lower if calm continues.

VIX futures and most VIX CFDs trade from 23:00 UK on Sunday to 22:00 UK on Friday, with a daily break from 22:00 to 23:00 UK. The main session is 14:30 to 21:00 UK.

There is no fixed line, but the VIX tends to sit lower in calm markets and jump in sell offs. Compare today's reading with its own recent range rather than a single number.

Gold typically opens at 23:00 UK time on Sunday, which is 18:00 in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, it opens at 22:00 UK. Your broker may show this as 01:00 on Monday on its server clock.

Gold futures close at 17:00 New York time on Friday, which is 22:00 UK for most of the year. Many CFD brokers stop a few minutes earlier, around 21:55 UK. Trading resumes on Sunday evening.

Almost. Gold trades around the clock from Sunday evening to Friday evening, except for a one hour daily break from 17:00 to 18:00 New York time (22:00 to 23:00 UK). It does not trade at weekends.

Typically 13:30 to 16:30 UK, when London and New York are both open and US economic data is released. Movement is usually larger then, which also means spreads and risk can rise around releases. The Asian session is usually quieter.

On a standard lot of 100 ounces, a 1.00 move in the gold price is worth 100 US dollars. On 0.10 lots it is 10 dollars and on 0.01 lots it is 1 dollar. Check your broker's contract size, as a few use different lot sizes.

Copper CFDs typically trade from 23:00 UK on Sunday to 22:00 UK on Friday, with a daily break from 22:00 to 23:00 UK, following COMEX futures. LME electronic trading runs from 01:00 to 19:00 UK.

COMEX copper trades in New York in US dollars per pound, with 25,000 pounds per contract. LME copper trades in London in US dollars per tonne, with 25 tonnes per lot. Tariffs and local supply can make their prices differ.

Because it is used in so much building and industry, its price tends to rise when the world economy is strong and fall when it weakens. Traders treat it as a rough read on economic health, not a forecast.

Typically the Chinese morning, about 01:30 to 03:30 UK in winter, and 13:30 to 17:00 UK when London and New York overlap.

One COMEX copper contract is 25,000 pounds, so a 0.0005 move is worth 12.50 dollars and a 0.01 move is worth 250 dollars. CFD sizes depend on your broker.

Palladium CFDs typically trade from 23:00 UK on Sunday to 22:00 UK on Friday, with a daily break from 22:00 to 23:00 UK. Times are an hour earlier in the gap weeks around the clock changes.

Mostly catalytic converters in petrol and hybrid cars, which clean exhaust fumes. It is also used in electronics, dentistry and chemicals.

Russia and South Africa produce most of the world's mined palladium, so supply news from either country can move the price.

It is a small market with few large producers and buyers, so orders and headlines move it more than gold or silver. Spreads also widen outside London and New York hours.

The LBMA Palladium Price is set in two auctions a day, at 09:45 and 14:00 London time.

Platinum CFDs typically trade from 23:00 UK on Sunday to 22:00 UK on Friday, with a daily break from 22:00 to 23:00 UK. Times are an hour earlier in the gap weeks around the clock changes.

The LBMA Platinum Price is set in two auctions a day, at 09:45 and 14:00 London time. They are benchmarks for physical platinum deals.

Mostly catalytic converters in cars, especially diesel engines, plus jewellery, chemicals, glass and hydrogen fuel cells. That makes demand closely tied to industry.

Both. It is a precious metal bought for jewellery and investment, but most demand comes from industry, especially car exhaust catalysts. That is why it often reacts to growth news more than gold does.

Typically 13:30 to 17:00 UK, when London and New York overlap, and around the 09:45 UK London benchmark.

Silver typically trades from 23:00 UK on Sunday to 22:00 UK on Friday, with a daily break from 22:00 to 23:00 UK. In the gap weeks around the clock changes these times are an hour earlier.

Typically 13:30 to 17:00 UK, when London and New York overlap and US data lands, and 08:00 to 10:00 UK after the London open.

At many brokers 1 lot is 5,000 troy ounces, matching the COMEX contract, so a 0.01 move is worth 50 dollars per lot. Some brokers use other sizes, so check your platform.

Silver's market is smaller and it is also an industrial metal, so it reacts to both safe haven flows and growth news. Moves in percentage terms are usually larger.

The LBMA Silver Price is set in a daily auction at 12:00 London time and is used as a benchmark for physical silver deals.

Natural gas CFDs typically trade from 23:00 UK on Sunday to 22:00 UK on Friday, with a daily break from 22:00 to 23:00 UK. Times are an hour earlier in the gap weeks around the clock changes.

It is usually released on Thursday at 10:30 New York time, which is 15:30 UK (14:30 UK in the gap weeks). In some holiday weeks it moves to another day or time.

Demand swings with the weather, storage sets the supply cushion, and changes in forecasts can shift expectations fast. Monthly futures rolls can also move CFD prices.

Henry Hub is a gas pipeline hub in Louisiana that serves as the delivery point for NYMEX natural gas futures. Its price is the main US natural gas benchmark.

Typically 13:30 to 19:30 UK, during the New York session, with the sharpest moves usually around the Thursday 15:30 UK storage report.

WTI futures open at 23:00 UK time on Sunday (6pm New York), and ICE Brent opens at 23:00 London time. Most oil CFDs open at about the same time. Check your broker, because some open later.

Usually Wednesday at 10:30am New York time, which is 15:30 UK for most of the year. In holiday weeks it moves, so check the EIA release schedule.

WTI is the US benchmark, delivered at Cushing, Oklahoma, and traded on CME. Brent is the international benchmark from the North Sea, traded on ICE in London. They usually move together, with Brent normally priced a few dollars higher.

Yes. WTI futures stop for one hour each weekday, 22:00 to 23:00 UK for most of the year. Brent futures trade from 01:00 to 23:00 London time. CFD brokers usually pause around the same times.

It depends on the broker. Many CFD brokers set 1 lot at 100 barrels and others at 1,000 barrels. The exchange futures for both WTI and Brent are 1,000 barrels. Always check the contract size in your platform before trading.

Typically at 22:00 UK time on Sunday, which is 5pm in New York. During the short gap weeks in March and late October or early November, when only one country has changed its clocks, it opens at 21:00 UK. Check your broker's server clock, because chart times follow it.

For most traders it is 13:00 to 17:00 UK time, when London and New York overlap. Volume, movement and spreads are usually best then. The first two hours of London, from about 07:00 to 09:00 UK, are also active.

One pip is 0.0001. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 euros it is worth 10 US dollars, on a mini lot 1 dollar and on a micro lot 10 cents.

It is a trader nickname. GBP/USD is called Cable after the transatlantic telegraph cable, and EUR/USD became Fibre after the newer fibre optic cables. It means the same pair.

No. The market closes on Friday at 22:00 UK time and reopens on Sunday at 22:00 UK time (typically). News over the weekend can make Monday open at a different price from Friday's close, which is called a gap.

The busiest window is 13:00 to 17:00 UK time, when London and New York overlap. The Sydney and Tokyo morning, about 22:00 to 03:00 UK, is also active because Australian data and RBA decisions come out then. The UK morning is often a continuation or reversal of the overnight move.

The Reserve Bank of Australia announces at 14:30 Sydney time. That is 03:30 UK in the UK winter and 05:30 UK in the UK summer. The next decision is on 8 December 2026.

One pip is 0.0001. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 Australian dollars it is worth 10 US dollars, on a mini lot 1 dollar and on a micro lot 10 cents.

Australia sells large amounts of iron ore, coal, gas and gold abroad, and China is its biggest customer. Stronger Chinese demand and higher commodity prices tend to support the Australian dollar. It is a tendency that can break around local news.

No. AUD/USD typically closes on Friday at 22:00 UK time and reopens on Sunday at 22:00 UK time. News over the weekend can make Sunday's first price differ from Friday's close, which is called a gap.

In the 1800s the exchange rate between London and New York was sent along a telegraph cable laid under the Atlantic. Traders have called the pound dollar rate Cable ever since.

At 12:00 UK time on the decision day, which is always a Thursday. There are eight decisions a year. The next one is on 17 December 2026.

London hours, from about 08:00 to 17:00 UK time, and especially 13:00 to 17:00 when New York is also open. The Asian session is usually much quieter for sterling.

One pip is 0.0001. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 pounds it is worth 10 US dollars. On a mini lot it is 1 dollar.

Typically at 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm in New York. In the gap weeks when the clocks have changed in one country only, it is 21:00 UK. Many brokers stop a few minutes before the hour.

The London and New York overlap, 13:00 to 17:00 UK, has the most volume for the dollar side. The Wellington and Sydney morning, about 21:00 to 03:00 UK, is when New Zealand news lands. Between about 17:00 and 21:00 UK the pair is often thin.

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand announces at 2pm Wellington time. That is 01:00 UK in the UK winter and 03:00 UK in the UK summer. The next decision is on 9 December 2026.

One pip is 0.0001. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 New Zealand dollars it is worth 10 US dollars, on a mini lot 1 dollar and on a micro lot 10 cents.

New Zealand and Australia trade heavily with each other and with China, export commodities, and both currencies react to global risk mood in a similar way. So they often move in the same direction. The size of the moves can still differ on local news.

No. NZD/USD typically closes on Friday at 22:00 UK time and reopens on Sunday at 22:00 UK time. News over the weekend can make Sunday's first price differ from Friday's close, which is called a gap.

For most traders it is 13:00 to 17:00 UK time, when Toronto, New York and London overlap. Canadian and US data both come out at 13:30 UK and the Bank of Canada announces at 14:45 UK. The Asian session is usually quiet.

Oil is one of Canada's biggest exports, so higher oil prices tend to bring more money into Canada and support the Canadian dollar. That usually pushes USD/CAD down. The link is a tendency and can weaken for weeks at a time.

One pip is 0.0001. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 US dollars it is worth 10 Canadian dollars, which your broker converts to your account currency. On a mini lot it is 1 Canadian dollar.

At 9:45am Toronto time, which is 14:45 UK for most of the year and 13:45 UK in the gap weeks. There are eight scheduled announcements a year and the next is on 9 December 2026.

No. USD/CAD typically closes on Friday at 22:00 UK time and reopens on Sunday at 22:00 UK time. News over the weekend can make Sunday's first price differ from Friday's close, which is called a gap.

For most traders it is 07:00 to 17:00 UK time, and especially 13:00 to 17:00 when London and New York overlap. Volume is highest then and spreads are usually tightest. The Asian session is often slow.

One pip is 0.0001. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 US dollars it is worth 10 Swiss francs, which your broker converts to your account currency. On a mini lot it is 1 franc.

The Swiss franc is widely treated as a safe haven because of Switzerland's stable finances and large current account surplus. When investors sell shares in a hurry, many buy francs, which pushes USD/CHF down. It is a tendency, not a rule.

The Swiss National Bank holds four scheduled assessments a year and publishes the decision at 09:30 Zurich time, 08:30 UK time. The next is 10 December 2026, followed by 18 March, 24 June, 23 September and 16 December 2027.

No. USD/CHF typically closes on Friday at 22:00 UK time and reopens on Sunday at 22:00 UK time. News over the weekend can make Sunday's first price differ from Friday's close, which is called a gap.

Roughly 00:00 to 09:00 UK time in winter and 01:00 to 10:00 in summer, because Japan does not change its clocks. Sydney opens earlier, so Asian trading starts around 22:00 UK on Sunday.

One pip is 0.01. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 dollars it is worth 1,000 yen, which is about 6.67 US dollars when the price is 150. The dollar value changes as the price changes.

The London and New York overlap, 13:00 to 17:00 UK time, is usually the busiest. USD/JPY is also one of the few pairs that moves well in the Tokyo morning, about 00:00 to 03:00 UK time.

It is when Japan's Ministry of Finance buys or sells yen to change its value, usually to stop a fast fall. It can move USD/JPY hundreds of pips in minutes, which is why traders watch official warnings closely.

Higher US yields make holding dollars pay more compared with yen, so money tends to flow into the dollar. When US yields drop, that pull weakens and USD/JPY often falls.

AUD/CAD typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically around Australian data at 00:30 UK and again from 13:00 to 16:00 UK when Canadian data and oil trading arrive. The hours between are usually quiet.

Oil supports the Canadian dollar, so higher oil tends to push AUD/CAD lower and lower oil tends to lift it. Metal prices work the other way through the Australian dollar.

Yes. Both countries export a lot of raw materials, but different ones: Australia mainly metals, coal and gas, Canada mainly oil. That difference is what often moves AUD/CAD.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 Australian dollars, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 Canadian dollars. On 0.1 lots it is 1 Canadian dollar and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 Canadian dollars. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

AUD/CHF typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 07:00 to 10:00 UK, at the London open with Swiss data. Australian data around 00:30 UK can also move it.

The franc is often bought in times of stress, while the Australian dollar tends to weaken, so AUD/CHF usually falls when markets are fearful. It is a tendency, not a rule.

At 09:30 Swiss time, which is 08:30 UK all year because both countries change clocks on the same dates. The next decision is 10 December 2026.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 Australian dollars, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 francs. On 0.1 lots it is 1 franc and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 francs. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

AUD/JPY typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 00:00 to 08:00 UK, during the Sydney and Tokyo sessions, when Australian and Japanese news is released. The London open often adds a second burst of activity.

The Australian dollar tends to rise when markets are calm and the yen tends to rise when they are fearful, so AUD/JPY often moves with stock markets. It is a tendency, not a rule.

Australian interest rates have been higher than Japanese ones, so some traders borrow yen to hold Australian dollars and collect the gap. When markets turn fearful many close at once, which can drop AUD/JPY fast.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 Australian dollars, one pip (0.01) is worth 1,000 yen. On 0.1 lots it is 100 yen and on 0.01 lots it is 10 yen. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

AUD/NZD typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 22:00 to 07:00 UK, when New Zealand and Australia are open and their data and central bank decisions come out. The London and New York sessions are usually quiet for this pair.

Australia and New Zealand are close trading partners with similar links to China and to risk mood, so most world news moves both currencies the same way. It mainly moves on differences between their central banks or data.

It has often traded in ranges for long periods, which is why range traders like it. Ranges do break, especially after a central bank surprise, so every range trade needs a clear level that proves it wrong.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 Australian dollars, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 New Zealand dollars. On 0.1 lots it is 1 New Zealand dollar and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 New Zealand dollars. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

CAD/CHF typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 13:00 to 16:00 UK, when Canadian data and oil trading arrive and Europe is still open. Swiss data in the UK morning can also move it.

It is one of the less traded crosses, so brokers usually quote wider spreads, especially in quiet hours and around the 22:00 UK rollover.

Oil prices and the Bank of Canada on one side, the SNB and safe haven buying of the franc on the other. It tends to fall when markets are fearful.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 Canadian dollars, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 francs. On 0.1 lots it is 1 franc and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 francs. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

CAD/JPY typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 13:00 to 16:00 UK, when Canadian data, US data and oil trading arrive. Tokyo hours in the UK night bring a smaller burst.

Higher oil tends to support the Canadian dollar, and Japan imports most of its energy, so CAD/JPY has often risen with oil. It is a tendency, not a fixed rule.

It often does, because the yen tends to be bought in sell offs. In calm, rising markets CAD/JPY has usually been firmer.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 Canadian dollars, one pip (0.01) is worth 1,000 yen. On 0.1 lots it is 100 yen and on 0.01 lots it is 10 yen. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

CHF/JPY typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 07:00 to 10:00 UK, at the London open with Swiss data while Tokyo is still trading. Japanese data and Bank of Japan news in the UK night can also move it.

Both have long been bought in market stress. That is why CHF/JPY can move either way in a sell off, depending on which currency traders favour at the time.

Expectations for Swiss and Japanese interest rates, any change in Bank of Japan policy, SNB decisions and Japanese intervention to support the yen.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 Swiss francs, one pip (0.01) is worth 1,000 yen. On 0.1 lots it is 100 yen and on 0.01 lots it is 10 yen. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

EUR/AUD typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 07:00 to 11:00 UK, when European traders join and eurozone data is released. Australian data and RBA decisions come out in the UK night, so the pair can also move then.

The Australian dollar tends to weaken when markets are fearful, because it is linked to commodities and global growth. The euro usually holds up better, so EUR/AUD often rises in a sell off, though not always.

At 14:30 Sydney time, which is 03:30 UK in UK winter and 05:30 UK in UK summer, with a few weeks at 04:30 when the two countries' clocks are changing. The next decision is 8 December 2026.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 euros, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 Australian dollars. On 0.1 lots it is 1 Australian dollar and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 Australian dollars. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

EUR/CAD typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 13:00 to 16:00 UK, when London and North America overlap and Canadian data comes out at 13:30 UK. The Asian session is usually quiet for this pair.

Oil is one of Canada's biggest exports, so a higher oil price tends to strengthen the Canadian dollar, which pushes EUR/CAD down. The link is a tendency, not a rule, and can break when other news dominates.

At 09:45 Ottawa time, which is 14:45 UK for most of the year and 13:45 UK in the clock change gap weeks. The next decision is 9 December 2026.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 euros, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 Canadian dollars. On 0.1 lots it is 1 Canadian dollar and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 Canadian dollars. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

EUR/CHF typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 07:00 to 11:00 UK, when Swiss and eurozone data are released and the SNB announces decisions. Outside European hours the pair is usually quiet and spreads can be wider.

Switzerland's economy is closely tied to the eurozone and the SNB watches the exchange rate closely, so the two currencies often move together. It tends to move most during market stress, when traders buy francs as a safe haven.

The SNB sets policy four times a year, with the decision at 09:30 Swiss time (08:30 UK). The next is 10 December 2026, then 18 March 2027.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 euros, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 francs. On 0.1 lots it is 1 franc and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 francs. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

EUR/GBP typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 07:00 to 11:00 UK time, when UK and eurozone data are released and European banks are active. After about 16:00 UK the pair usually goes quiet, and during the Asian session it often barely moves.

The UK and the eurozone are close trading partners, so much of their news pushes the euro and the pound the same way, and the moves cancel out in EUR/GBP. It moves most when the Bank of England and the ECB are expected to do different things.

Its smaller daily moves can make it calmer to learn on, but small moves also mean costs like the spread take a bigger share of each trade. Check your broker's spread against the pair's average daily range before deciding.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 euros, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 pounds. On 0.1 lots it is 1 pound and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 pounds. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

EUR/JPY typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 07:00 to 11:00 UK, when Tokyo's session overlaps the London open and eurozone data is released. There is often a second burst after US data at 13:30 UK, because it moves USD/JPY.

Many traders borrow cheap yen to hold higher yielding currencies such as the euro. When markets turn fearful they buy the yen back at the same time, which can push EUR/JPY down sharply.

No. The decision comes out when the meeting ends on its second day, usually between about 02:30 and 04:00 UK. Check the Bank of Japan's schedule for the meeting dates.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 euros, one pip (0.01) is worth 1,000 yen. On 0.1 lots it is 100 yen and on 0.01 lots it is 10 yen. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

EUR/NZD typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 07:00 to 11:00 UK, when London opens and eurozone data is released. New Zealand data and RBNZ decisions come out in the UK evening or overnight, which can also bring moves.

The New Zealand dollar is a smaller currency than the euro or the US dollar, so less is traded in EUR/NZD and brokers usually quote a wider spread. It is usually widest around the 22:00 UK rollover.

At 14:00 New Zealand time, which is 01:00 UK in UK winter and 03:00 UK in UK summer, with a few weeks at 02:00 while clocks are changing. The next decision is 9 December 2026.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 euros, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 New Zealand dollars. On 0.1 lots it is 1 New Zealand dollar and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 New Zealand dollars. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

GBP/AUD typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 07:00 to 11:00 UK, when London opens and UK data is out. Australian data and RBA decisions come in the UK night, so it can also move then.

It combines the pound, which reacts strongly to UK data, with the Australian dollar, which reacts to China, commodities and risk mood. Lower trading volume than the majors also means wider swings and spreads.

The Australian Bureau of Statistics publishes at 11:30 Canberra time, which is 00:30 UK in UK winter and 02:30 UK in UK summer.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 pounds, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 Australian dollars. On 0.1 lots it is 1 Australian dollar and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 Australian dollars. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

GBP/CAD typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 13:00 to 16:00 UK, when London and North America overlap and Canadian data is released. UK data at 07:00 UK can bring an earlier move.

Canada exports a lot of oil, so rising oil tends to strengthen the Canadian dollar and push GBP/CAD lower. It is a tendency, and UK news can easily outweigh it.

Statistics Canada usually publishes at 08:30 Ottawa time, which is 13:30 UK for most of the year and 12:30 UK in the clock change gap weeks.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 pounds, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 Canadian dollars. On 0.1 lots it is 1 Canadian dollar and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 Canadian dollars. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

GBP/CHF typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 07:00 to 11:00 UK, when UK and Swiss data are released and London is at its busiest. The Asian session is usually quiet.

The franc is often bought in times of stress, so GBP/CHF tends to fall when markets are fearful. That makes it sensitive to risk mood as well as to UK news.

Both have the franc as the second currency, but the pound usually moves more than the euro, so GBP/CHF typically has larger daily swings in pips. UK data and the Bank of England matter more for it.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 pounds, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 francs. On 0.1 lots it is 1 franc and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 francs. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

GBP/JPY typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 07:00 to 11:00 UK, at the London open with UK data, and again from 13:30 to 16:00 UK when US data and the London and New York overlap add volume. The late US afternoon and the Asian session are usually calmer.

It joins two currencies that react to very different things: UK interest rates and data on one side, the Bank of Japan and world market fear on the other. Its price also multiplies GBP/USD by USD/JPY, so moves in both add together.

It is a trader nickname for its large, fast swings in pips. It is not an official name, and its size changes with conditions, so check the current average daily range rather than relying on reputation.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 pounds, one pip (0.01) is worth 1,000 yen. On 0.1 lots it is 100 yen and on 0.01 lots it is 10 yen. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

GBP/NZD typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 07:00 to 11:00 UK, when London opens and UK data is released. New Zealand data and RBNZ decisions come in the UK evening or night and can also move it.

Less is traded in GBP/NZD than in major pairs, so brokers usually quote wider spreads, especially around the 22:00 UK rollover and in quiet hours.

Stats NZ usually publishes at 10:45 New Zealand time, which is 21:45 UK the evening before in UK winter and 23:45 UK in UK summer.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 pounds, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 New Zealand dollars. On 0.1 lots it is 1 New Zealand dollar and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 New Zealand dollars. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

NZD/CAD typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically around New Zealand news in the UK evening and night, and from 13:00 to 16:00 UK when Canadian data and oil trading arrive. The European morning is usually quiet for it.

Both are smaller currencies and the pair is not heavily traded, so brokers usually quote wider spreads than on majors, especially around the 22:00 UK rollover.

Interest rate expectations at the RBNZ and the Bank of Canada, dairy prices for New Zealand and oil prices for Canada, plus the general mood in world markets.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 New Zealand dollars, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 Canadian dollars. On 0.1 lots it is 1 Canadian dollar and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 Canadian dollars. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

NZD/CHF typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 07:00 to 10:00 UK, when London opens and Swiss data is released. New Zealand data in the UK evening or night can also move it.

The kiwi tends to weaken when markets are fearful and the franc tends to be bought, so the pair usually drops in stress. It is a tendency, not a rule.

It is less traded than the majors, so spreads are wider. It suits traders who already follow both New Zealand and Swiss news; always check the spread against the average daily range first.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 New Zealand dollars, one pip (0.0001) is worth 10 francs. On 0.1 lots it is 1 franc and on 0.01 lots it is 0.10 francs. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

NZD/JPY typically trades from Sunday 22:00 to Friday 22:00 UK time, which is 5pm Sunday to 5pm Friday in New York. In the few weeks when the US and UK clocks change on different dates, the open and close are at 21:00 UK. It does not trade on Saturdays.

Typically 22:00 to 08:00 UK, when New Zealand, Australia and Japan are open and their data and central bank news land. The London open can add a second burst.

Yes, they usually move closely together, since both pair a currency that likes calm markets with the yen. NZD/JPY often has slightly less volume, so spreads can be a little wider.

On 1 standard lot of 100,000 New Zealand dollars, one pip (0.01) is worth 1,000 yen. On 0.1 lots it is 100 yen and on 0.01 lots it is 10 yen. Your platform shows it in your account currency at the current rate.

From about 13:00 to 21:00 UK time, when Mexico City and New York are open. That is when liquidity is best and spreads are usually tightest. The Asian session is thin.

One pip is 0.0001. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 US dollars it is worth 10 Mexican pesos, which your broker converts to your account currency. Because peso pips are small in value, typical moves span many more pips than on the majors.

The Bank of Mexico announces at 13:00 Mexico City time. Because Mexico City no longer changes its clocks, that is 19:00 UK in the UK winter and 20:00 UK in the UK summer. There are eight scheduled decisions a year.

Most of Mexico's exports go to the US, so trade barriers can hit Mexico's income and confidence in the peso. Tariff headlines often weaken the peso, which pushes USD/MXN up.

No. USD/MXN typically closes on Friday at 22:00 UK time and reopens on Sunday at 22:00 UK time. News over the weekend can make Sunday's first price differ from Friday's close, which is called a gap.

From about 07:00 to 17:00 UK time, when Oslo and London are open and New York joins. Liquidity is best and spreads are usually tightest then. The Asian session is thin.

Norway is a large oil and gas exporter, so higher energy prices tend to support the krone, which pushes USD/NOK down. It is a tendency that can weaken for weeks.

One pip is 0.0001. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 US dollars it is worth 10 Norwegian kroner, which your broker converts to your account currency. Because krone pips are small in value, moves span many more pips than on the majors.

Thursday 17 December 2026 at 10:00 Oslo time, which is 09:00 UK, together with a Monetary Policy Report.

No. USD/NOK typically closes on Friday at 22:00 UK time and reopens on Sunday at 22:00 UK time. News over the weekend can make Sunday's first price differ from Friday's close, which is called a gap.

From about 07:00 to 17:00 UK time, when Stockholm and London are open and New York joins. Liquidity is best and spreads are usually tightest then. The Asian session is thin.

Sweden trades heavily with the eurozone, so the krona tends to move with the euro. When the dollar strengthens against the euro it usually strengthens against the krona too. The link is a tendency, not a rule.

One pip is 0.0001. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 US dollars it is worth 10 Swedish kronor, which your broker converts to your account currency. Krona pips are small in value, so moves span many more pips than on the majors.

The Riksbank meets on 15 December 2026 and publishes the decision on Wednesday 16 December at 09:30 Stockholm time, which is 08:30 UK.

No. USD/SEK typically closes on Friday at 22:00 UK time and reopens on Sunday at 22:00 UK time. News over the weekend can make Sunday's first price differ from Friday's close, which is called a gap.

The Singapore working day, about 01:00 to 09:00 UK in the UK winter, is the home session. The London and New York overlap, 13:00 to 17:00 UK, is the other active window. Late New York hours are quiet.

No. The Monetary Authority of Singapore manages the Singapore dollar against a basket of currencies (the S$NEER) inside a band, and announces any change in a quarterly Monetary Policy Statement. The next is due no later than 29 January 2027.

One pip is 0.0001. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 US dollars it is worth 10 Singapore dollars, which your broker converts to your account currency.

Most brokers class it as exotic because the Singapore dollar is a smaller currency than the majors, so spreads are usually wider. It tends to be calmer than many exotics because MAS manages it within a band.

No. USD/SGD typically closes on Friday at 22:00 UK time and reopens on Sunday at 22:00 UK time. News over the weekend can make Sunday's first price differ from Friday's close, which is called a gap.

From about 06:00 to 15:00 UK time, the Istanbul working day, when liquidity in the lira is best. Outside those hours spreads can be extremely wide. Some brokers limit the hours they quote it, so check yours.

Turkey has had high inflation for years, which steadily reduces what the lira can buy, and the exchange rate has tended to reflect that. The pace has changed with central bank policy. Past drift is not a forecast.

One pip is 0.0001. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 US dollars it is worth 10 lira, which your broker converts to your account currency at the current rate.

The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey announces at 14:00 Istanbul time. Turkey does not change its clocks, so that is 11:00 UK in the UK winter and 12:00 UK in the UK summer.

No. USD/TRY typically closes on Friday at 22:00 UK time and reopens on Sunday at 22:00 UK time. News over the weekend can make Sunday's first price differ from Friday's close, which is called a gap.

From about 07:00 to 17:00 UK time, when Johannesburg, London and New York are open and liquidity is best. Outside those hours spreads are usually much wider and prices can jump on little volume.

One pip is 0.0001. On 1 standard lot of 100,000 US dollars it is worth 10 rand, which your broker converts to your account currency. Because rand pips are small in value, typical moves span many more pips than on EUR/USD.

Far less money changes hands in rand than in the major currencies, so dealers quote a wider gap between buy and sell prices. Spreads widen further at the 22:00 UK rollover, overnight and around big news.

The South African Reserve Bank's next statement is on 19 November 2026 at 15:00 Johannesburg time, which is 13:00 UK. It held six meetings in 2026.

No. USD/ZAR typically closes on Friday at 22:00 UK time and reopens on Sunday at 22:00 UK time. News over the weekend can make Sunday's first price differ from Friday's close, which is called a gap.

Yes. Bitcoin trades 24 hours a day, 7 days a week on crypto exchanges. Some CFD brokers pause it for part of the weekend or close it until Monday, so check your broker's trading hours.

Weekdays from about 13:00 to 17:00 UK time are usually the busiest, when US markets are open and US data comes out. Weekends and the early Asian hours are often thinner.

Most crypto exchanges start a new daily candle at 00:00 UTC, which is midnight UK time in winter and 01:00 in summer. Broker CFD charts use the broker's server clock instead.

Yes. CME Group moved its crypto futures and options to 24/7 trading on 29 May 2026. Before that, the futures closed at the weekend and often opened on Sunday with a gap.

At most CFD brokers 1 lot is 1 bitcoin, but it varies, so check your broker. On CME, a full bitcoin futures contract is 5 bitcoin and a Micro contract is 0.1 bitcoin.

Yes. AVAX trades 24/7 on crypto exchanges, including Saturdays and Sundays. Broker CFDs are different: some pause for part of the weekend, such as IG from 22:00 Friday to 08:00 Saturday UK time. Check your broker's hours, which follow its server clock.

There is no single best time, because AVAX never closes. Activity often rises during US stock market hours (14:30 to 21:00 UK) and around US data releases. Weekends and the early Asian hours are typically thinner, which can mean wider spreads.

Capped at 720 million AVAX. New AVAX is paid to validators as staking rewards, and all transaction fees are burned.

Yes. AVAX is highly volatile and can move a long way in minutes, especially with leverage. CFDs on crypto can lose money quickly. WickSpeak is a charting and analysis tool and does not give financial advice.

CME Group does not list Avalanche futures. Futures and perpetual swaps on AVAX are offered by crypto exchanges, where rules and protections differ from regulated futures exchanges.

Yes. BNB trades 24/7 on crypto exchanges, including Saturdays and Sundays. Broker CFDs are different: some pause for part of the weekend, such as IG from 22:00 Friday to 08:00 Saturday UK time. Check your broker's hours, which follow its server clock.

There is no single best time, because BNB never closes. Activity often rises during US stock market hours (14:30 to 21:00 UK) and around US data releases. Weekends and the early Asian hours are typically thinner, which can mean wider spreads.

It started with 200 million BNB. A quarterly Auto Burn destroys coins with the stated aim of cutting the total to 100 million, and part of every gas fee (the network's transaction fee) is also burned in real time.

Yes. BNB is highly volatile and can move a long way in minutes, especially with leverage. CFDs on crypto can lose money quickly. WickSpeak is a charting and analysis tool and does not give financial advice.

CME Group does not list BNB futures. Futures and perpetual swaps on BNB are offered by crypto exchanges, where rules and protections differ from regulated futures exchanges.

Yes. ADA trades 24/7 on crypto exchanges, including Saturdays and Sundays. Broker CFDs are different: some pause for part of the weekend, such as IG from 22:00 Friday to 08:00 Saturday UK time. Check your broker's hours, which follow its server clock.

There is no single best time, because ADA never closes. Activity often rises during US stock market hours (14:30 to 21:00 UK) and around US data releases. Weekends and the early Asian hours are typically thinner, which can mean wider spreads.

Capped at 45 billion ADA. New ADA comes from a reserve paid out to stakers each epoch (a 5 day period) until the cap is reached.

Yes. ADA is highly volatile and can move a long way in minutes, especially with leverage. CFDs on crypto can lose money quickly. WickSpeak is a charting and analysis tool and does not give financial advice.

CME Group lists Cardano futures in two sizes: 100,000 ADA and a micro contract of 10,000 ADA (trading since 9 February 2026). They are cash settled and trade around the clock on CME Globex apart from a weekly maintenance window of about two hours at the weekend.

Yes. LINK trades 24/7 on crypto exchanges, including Saturdays and Sundays. Broker CFDs are different: some pause for part of the weekend, such as IG from 22:00 Friday to 08:00 Saturday UK time. Check your broker's hours, which follow its server clock.

There is no single best time, because LINK never closes. Activity often rises during US stock market hours (14:30 to 21:00 UK) and around US data releases. Weekends and the early Asian hours are typically thinner, which can mean wider spreads.

Fixed at 1 billion LINK, all created at launch. No new LINK is minted. A share is held by the Chainlink team and released over time for network growth and node payments.

Yes. LINK is highly volatile and can move a long way in minutes, especially with leverage. CFDs on crypto can lose money quickly. WickSpeak is a charting and analysis tool and does not give financial advice.

CME Group lists Chainlink futures in two sizes: 5,000 LINK and a micro contract of 250 LINK (trading since 9 February 2026). They are cash settled and trade around the clock on CME Globex apart from a weekly maintenance window of about two hours at the weekend.

Yes. DOGE trades 24/7 on crypto exchanges, including Saturdays and Sundays. Broker CFDs are different: some pause for part of the weekend, such as IG from 22:00 Friday to 08:00 Saturday UK time. Check your broker's hours, which follow its server clock.

There is no single best time, because DOGE never closes. Activity often rises during US stock market hours (14:30 to 21:00 UK) and around US data releases. Weekends and the early Asian hours are typically thinner, which can mean wider spreads.

No maximum. Each block, about one a minute, creates 10,000 new DOGE, so roughly 5 billion DOGE are added a year. Because that number is fixed, the yearly inflation rate slowly falls as the total grows.

Yes. DOGE is highly volatile and can move a long way in minutes, especially with leverage. CFDs on crypto can lose money quickly. WickSpeak is a charting and analysis tool and does not give financial advice.

CME Group does not list Dogecoin futures. Futures and perpetual swaps on DOGE are offered by crypto exchanges, where rules and protections differ from regulated futures exchanges.

Yes. Ether trades 24 hours a day, 7 days a week on crypto exchanges. Some CFD brokers pause it for part of the weekend or close it until Monday, so check your broker's hours.

Weekdays from about 13:00 to 17:00 UK time are usually the busiest, when US markets are open and US data comes out. Weekends are often thinner, which can make moves less reliable.

Usually, yes. Ether tends to move in the same direction as bitcoin, often by a larger percentage. There are periods when it leads or lags, which traders watch on the ETH/BTC chart.

At most CFD brokers 1 lot is 1 ether, but it varies, so check your broker. On CME, a full ether futures contract is 50 ether and a Micro contract is 0.1 ether.

Most crypto exchanges start a new daily candle at 00:00 UTC, which is midnight UK time in winter and 01:00 in summer. Broker CFD charts follow the broker's server clock.

Yes. LTC trades 24/7 on crypto exchanges, including Saturdays and Sundays. Broker CFDs are different: some pause for part of the weekend, such as IG from 22:00 Friday to 08:00 Saturday UK time. Check your broker's hours, which follow its server clock.

There is no single best time, because LTC never closes. Activity often rises during US stock market hours (14:30 to 21:00 UK) and around US data releases. Weekends and the early Asian hours are typically thinner, which can mean wider spreads.

Capped at 84 million LTC. The reward miners earn per block halves every 840,000 blocks, roughly every four years. The last halving was in August 2023, cutting it to 6.25 LTC, and the next is expected around 2027 (the exact date depends on block times).

Yes. LTC is highly volatile and can move a long way in minutes, especially with leverage. CFDs on crypto can lose money quickly. WickSpeak is a charting and analysis tool and does not give financial advice.

CME Group does not list Litecoin futures. Futures and perpetual swaps on LTC are offered by crypto exchanges, where rules and protections differ from regulated futures exchanges.

Yes. DOT trades 24/7 on crypto exchanges, including Saturdays and Sundays. Broker CFDs are different: some pause for part of the weekend, such as IG from 22:00 Friday to 08:00 Saturday UK time. Check your broker's hours, which follow its server clock.

There is no single best time, because DOT never closes. Activity often rises during US stock market hours (14:30 to 21:00 UK) and around US data releases. Weekends and the early Asian hours are typically thinner, which can mean wider spreads.

Capped at 2.1 billion DOT after a community vote (referendum 1710) passed in September 2025. New issuance now steps down every two years, with the first step on 14 March 2026. DOT was redenominated in August 2020, so one new DOT equals 100 of the original units.

Yes. DOT is highly volatile and can move a long way in minutes, especially with leverage. CFDs on crypto can lose money quickly. WickSpeak is a charting and analysis tool and does not give financial advice.

CME Group does not list Polkadot futures. Futures and perpetual swaps on DOT are offered by crypto exchanges, where rules and protections differ from regulated futures exchanges.

Yes. SOL trades 24/7 on crypto exchanges, including Saturdays and Sundays. Broker CFDs are different: some pause for part of the weekend, such as IG from 22:00 Friday to 08:00 Saturday UK time. Check your broker's hours, which follow its server clock.

There is no single best time, because SOL never closes. Activity often rises during US stock market hours (14:30 to 21:00 UK) and around US data releases. Weekends and the early Asian hours are typically thinner, which can mean wider spreads.

No fixed maximum. New SOL is issued to stakers on an inflation schedule that started at 8% a year and steps down each year towards a long-run 1.5%, while half of each transaction's base fee is burned (destroyed).

Yes. SOL is highly volatile and can move a long way in minutes, especially with leverage. CFDs on crypto can lose money quickly. WickSpeak is a charting and analysis tool and does not give financial advice.

CME Group lists Solana futures in two sizes: 500 SOL and a micro contract of 25 SOL (trading since 17 March 2025). They are cash settled and, since June 2026, trade around the clock on CME Globex apart from a weekly maintenance window of about two hours at the weekend.

Yes. TRX trades 24/7 on crypto exchanges, including Saturdays and Sundays. Broker CFDs are different: some pause for part of the weekend, such as IG from 22:00 Friday to 08:00 Saturday UK time. Check your broker's hours, which follow its server clock.

There is no single best time, because TRX never closes. Activity often rises during US stock market hours (14:30 to 21:00 UK) and around US data releases. Weekends and the early Asian hours are typically thinner, which can mean wider spreads.

No fixed maximum. New TRX is created with each block as rewards, and fees are burned, so the total can rise or fall depending on how busy the network is.

Yes. TRX is highly volatile and can move a long way in minutes, especially with leverage. CFDs on crypto can lose money quickly. WickSpeak is a charting and analysis tool and does not give financial advice.

CME Group does not list Tron futures. Futures and perpetual swaps on TRX are offered by crypto exchanges, where rules and protections differ from regulated futures exchanges.

Yes. XRP trades 24/7 on crypto exchanges, including Saturdays and Sundays. Broker CFDs are different: some pause for part of the weekend, such as IG from 22:00 Friday to 08:00 Saturday UK time. Check your broker's hours, which follow its server clock.

There is no single best time, because XRP never closes. Activity often rises during US stock market hours (14:30 to 21:00 UK) and around US data releases. Weekends and the early Asian hours are typically thinner, which can mean wider spreads.

Fixed. 100 billion XRP were created when the ledger launched and no more can be made. A tiny amount is destroyed as a fee on every transaction. Ripple, the company, has held a large share in escrow (locked accounts) that release up to 1 billion XRP at the start of each month, with unused amounts usually locked up again.

Yes. XRP is highly volatile and can move a long way in minutes, especially with leverage. CFDs on crypto can lose money quickly. WickSpeak is a charting and analysis tool and does not give financial advice.

CME Group lists XRP futures in two sizes: 50,000 XRP and a micro contract of 2,500 XRP (launched May 2025). They are cash settled and, since June 2026, trade around the clock on CME Globex apart from a weekly maintenance window of about two hours at the weekend.

Yes, for traders who want the chart explained. Every one of WickSpeak's 134 indicators writes a plain-English reading with how to trade it and what proves it wrong, 146 patterns are named on the candles, and every planned trade is scored out of 100. If you mainly need screeners or a public script library, TradingView covers those.

Yes. TradingView lists 400+ built-in indicators and strategies, and WickSpeak has 134 indicators. The difference is that every WickSpeak indicator explains itself in plain English on the live candle, including how to trade it and what would prove it wrong.

Current offer: $59 a month (usually $119), $599 a year (usually $1,199), 7 days free. TradingView has a free Basic plan and paid plans from $12.95 a month billed annually. WickSpeak also has a free 30 minute live chart with no account and no card.

Yes, from Playbook. When a play fires it can send an alert, draw a trade plan, take a paper trade or place a live trade on your linked cTrader account inside guardrails you set, but only on plays where you switched live trading on. Manual trades go on your broker's own platform.

For learning to read a chart, yes. Every WickSpeak indicator writes a plain-English reading with how to trade it and what proves it wrong, and Mentor reads each candle with the same four questions. MT5 is built for placing trades and automation, and leaves interpretation to you.

Yes. MetaQuotes says MT5 is free to download for Windows, macOS, web and mobile, and you trade through a broker account. WickSpeak's current offer: $59 a month (usually $119), $599 a year (usually $1,199), 7 days free.

WickSpeak places trades from Playbook plays where you switched live trading on, on your linked cTrader account and inside guardrails you set. For manual trades, use your broker's own platform such as MT5 alongside WickSpeak.

Yes, on WickSpeak. Playbook builds a play from up to 12 plain conditions and backtests it on past candles with your costs. On MT5, strategies are Expert Advisors written in MQL5, with the MQL5 Wizard to help generate them.

Yes. Link a cTrader account once and every instrument your broker offers appears on WickSpeak at your broker's own prices. WickSpeak places trades only from a Playbook play where you switched live trading on, inside guardrails you set.

cTrader is offered through brokers, and Spotware does not publish a price for traders on its site, so check with your broker. Add-ons in the cTrader Store can be free or paid. WickSpeak's current offer: $59 a month (usually $119), $599 a year (usually $1,199), 7 days free.

Spotware lists 86 standard indicators plus thousands of custom ones. WickSpeak has 134, and every one writes a plain-English reading on the live candle with how to trade it and what proves it wrong.

Yes. WickSpeak shows your cTrader broker's own prices for gold, US30, NAS100 and forex, writes a plain-English reading on every indicator and scores each planned trade out of 100. NinjaTrader is built around futures.

NinjaTrader says its platform is always free for advanced charting, strategy backtesting and simulated trading. Its Monthly ($99) and Lifetime ($1,499) plans lower commission rates, and real-time data and Order Flow+ need a funded account. WickSpeak's current offer: $59 a month (usually $119), $599 a year (usually $1,199), 7 days free.

No. WickSpeak shows the instruments your cTrader broker offers and explains them in plain English. It places trades only from a Playbook play where you switched live trading on, inside guardrails you set.

For a beginner trading gold, indices or forex, WickSpeak, because every indicator explains how to trade it and what proves it wrong, and Mentor reads each candle with four questions. A futures beginner may prefer NinjaTrader's free simulated trading.

TrendSpider offers a 14-day paid trial, from $19 on Standard to $49 on Advanced. WickSpeak offers 7 days free, plus a 30 minute live chart with no account and no card.

Yes. WickSpeak names 146 patterns on the candles that made them: 70 candlestick, 28 price action, 30 chart and 18 harmonic. TrendSpider recognises chart patterns and also draws trendlines and Fibonacci levels automatically.

Yes, from Playbook. When a play fires it can alert you, draw a trade plan, take a paper trade or place a live trade on your linked cTrader account inside guardrails you set, only on plays where you switched live trading on. TrendSpider's bots send orders through SignalStack.

For learning to read a chart, yes. Every WickSpeak indicator writes a plain-English reading with how to trade it and what proves it wrong, and Mentor reads each candle with the same four questions. MT4 is built for placing trades and running Expert Advisors, and leaves the reading to you.

Yes. MetaQuotes offers MT4 as a free download for Windows, macOS and Linux, with apps for iPhone, iPad and Android, and you trade through a broker that supports it. WickSpeak's current offer: $59 a month (usually $119) or $599 a year (usually $1,199), with 7 days free.

Not for traders whose broker already runs it. MetaQuotes stopped issuing new MT4 licences to brokers in 2018 and said it would keep supporting existing ones, so availability depends on your broker. WickSpeak runs in any browser and links to a cTrader account for your broker's prices.

Yes. Playbook builds a play from up to 12 plain conditions and backtests it on past candles with your costs, with stops in points, ATR multiples or the play's own line. On MT4, automated strategies are Expert Advisors written in MQL4 and tested in its strategy tester.